基于TIS的我国乡村旅游地形象设计

本文引入TI(S旅游形象系统)这一现代旅游形象设计的先进理念和方法,从理念基础(MI)、行为准则(BI)、视觉形象(VI)、听觉形象(HI)和风情识别(FI)五个方面对我国乡村旅游地形象设计与塑造中存在的问题和不足进行了探讨,并提出了一些基本的思路和对策。     

“互联网+制造”模式下产业政策比较研究

基于Rothwell和Zegveld政策工具,从国家顶层政策设计视角选取2012-2016年中国、德国、美国“互联网+制造”模式11项产业政策为分析样本,对比顶层政策的高效性、合理性。研究发现,人才培养仍然是各国政策的关注点,政府在产业发展过程中的引导角色至关重要,政策出台的连续性和稳定性比创新性更重要。最后,提出中国政府利用“互联网+制造”模式发展契机,通过细化顶层政策设计、建立制造和技术传承新范式等促进制造业良性发展的相关建议。     

论“互联网+”商业模式专利保护的制度设计

“互联网+”商业模式日益成为我国市场经济发展的强劲发动机,有必要对其进行保护,而专利保护应作为主要方式。目前相关法律保护制度无法充分覆盖商业模式保护,需要重新进行制度设计。我国“互联网+”商业模式专利保护的制度设计,应坚持静态与动态相结合的总体观察视角,以利益的冲突、衡量与选择作为核心设计理念。具体而言,应以专利法律为主,配套政策文件为辅,构建商业模式知识创新与利用的整体政策体系;在商业模式专利审查范围扩大的情况下,应当严格专利审查标准,尤其是严格创造性标准的审查;采用特别保护制度进行辅助,比如短期专利制度等特别措施;建立商业模式专利人才体系培养机制,探寻商业模式专利保护的国际合作机制,坚定维护我国国家社会利益,促进经济社会整体发展与繁荣。     

An analytical model proposal to design urban open spaces in balance with climate: A case study of Gaziantep

A significant decline has been experienced in the quality of life of people living in cities due to the deterioration of the ecological balance, decrease in biodiversity, together with air, noise and water pollution occurring as a result of population growth and urbanization. All of these factors have triggered global warming, which is one of the biggest problems in recent years. For this reason, the climate has become one of the most important factors in urban design works. The purpose of the present study is to determine the microclimatic contribution of urban open spaces to the city in the context of climate-balanced physical planning criteria, and to propose an analytical model, which may constitute a basis for planning and design works. Firstly, the climatic requirements of the city of Gaziantep were examined by creating bioclimatic comfort maps. In the following stage, monthly wind roses were created by determining the dominant wind directions for the summer and winter seasons. Optimum location and directions that were balanced with climate were determined and slope and aspect maps of the area, land use types and area selection criteria were also created. In light of these data, ecological compatibility and feasibility maps were prepared. In the feasibility map, the temperature and humidity maps were created with ENVI-met, which is a climatic simulation software, for the most extreme days in an area where there were residential areas and educational institutions, multi-storey residential areas, working areas, social and open green areas, and afforestation areas. The results that were obtained with the simulations were subjected to Regression Analysis to determine the relationship among the climate parameters and the design criteria. As a result, the increase in the quantity of urban green spaces and equality on the spatial distribution of these areas will improve bioclimatic comfort (the warmest hour of the hottest period regression analysis’ result is β= -0.384). It has been determined that planning high-density plantation in green spaces and selecting dense and broad-leaved plants will provide a cooling effect (on average 2−3 °C less). Furthermore, adding more green spaces in cities will increase the thermal comfort within city blocks, especially where high-rise buildings are common. It is confirmed that high-rise buildings cause thermal stress (the warmest hour of the hottest period regression analysis’ result is β = 0.472). Hardscapes have a negative effect on the temperature (the warmest hour of the hottest period regression analysis’ result is β = 0.425). In addition to these data, it was found that the mean radiant temperature values, instead of temperature values, would yield more accurate results in microclimate analyses and interpretations.     

Environmental Outcomes of Urban Land System Change: Comparing Riparian Design Approaches in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area

In the face of climate change and other environmental challenges, an increasing number of cities are turning to land design to enhance urban sustainability. Land system architecture (LSA)—which examines the role of size, shape, distribution, and connectivity of land units in relation to the system’s social-environmental dynamics—can be a useful perspective for examining how land contributes to the social and environmental aspects of urban sustainability. There are two gaps, however, that prevent LSA from fully contributing to urban sustainability dialogues. First, it is not well understood how urban design goals, as expressed by urban planners and other practitioners, relate to LSA and environmental outcomes. Second, most LSA work focuses on individual environmental outcomes, such as the urban heat island effect, instead of considering the broader suite of outcomes that LSA changes impact. Here, we undertake an integrated assessment of LSA impacts on surface urban heat island (based on land surface temperature), vegetation presence/health (based on NDVI), and bird biota at two riparian sites with different design intentions in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area. The Rio Salado in Tempe underwent a city-led, infill redevelopment that mixed economic, recreational, and flood control design goals. The New River in Peoria experienced a more typical developer-driven urbanization. The contexts and design goals of the sites generated differences in their LSA, but only a few of these differences were sufficiently unique to contribute to divergent environmental outcomes. These differences reside in (1) the greater distribution of recreational land-covers and (2) increased surface water at the Rio Salado site compared to the New River site. Both changes are linked to land-cover patches becoming greener and cooler as well as a greater presence of waterbird and warbler species at the Rio Salado site. The distinctions between the sites provide insight for crafting design goals for redeveloping or restoring urban riparian landscapes in the Phoenix metropolitan area that are grounded in LSA. With the incorporation of additional relevant variables, especially socioeconomic ones, the research approach employed in this study provides a foundation for the assessment of other urban land system change.     

Assessing preferences of potential visitors for nature-based experiences in protected areas

Visitor experiences have been identified as critical for the sustainable management of tourism destinations. However, researchers have given limited attention to how to measure visitor preferences for different, newly proposed experiences, especially in nature-based tourism contexts. This paper aims to capture potential visitors' preferences for nature-based visitor experiences that would alleviate pressure on the iconic summit of Mount Warning, Australia. Findings reveal a preference for passive rather than active experiences. Consistency between the four measurement approaches used was high. Future studies should consider adopting multiple measures to underpin evidence-based management that informs the design of nature-based tourism experiences.     

Developing design principles for the digitalisation of purchasing and supply management

This paper develops an approach to evaluating designs for digitalisation interventions in purchasing and supply management (PSM), and identifies some fundamental design principles for such interventions. A set of advanced technologies for digitalisation and a theory-based set of seven value drivers for PSM are identified for the proposed grid to facilitate the design of applications and interventions for digitalising PSM. The grid relates the digital technologies to the PSM value drivers in a matrix-like manner, allowing the structured consideration of the space defined by these two dimensions. The proposed approach to the strategic evolution of digitalisation in PSM is tested and its utility is demonstrated in analyses of practitioner literature and multiple case-study-based perspectives on PSM digitalisation. Two fundamental design principles relating to the use of the grid, or to the filling of its space, are set out, thus the research provides new theoretical perspectives on the design of advanced forms of PSM digitalisation. The proposed grid may be used in application design, communicating current and future states of PSM digitalisation to stakeholders, and specifically in developing a future-oriented strategy with a digitalization element for the PSM function.     

建筑节能设计标准与节能量估算

介绍我国建筑节能标准的建立和主要内容,分析了标准对围护结构、生活方式和设备系统的规定。根据这三方面的标准规定与实际情况的比对,文章解读了标准中节能百分比的概念及其适用条件,并分析如何正确理解建筑节能百分比与实际节能量的关系。文章提出,在使用建筑节能设计标准估算节能量时,需要明确100%基准值的内容,明确节能百分比的成立条件。如果错误使用节能百分比,往往导致对新建或改造建筑的实际节能贡献的估计出现偏差。     

湘中民俗旅游开发的关键措施及主要产品设计思路

开发湘中民俗旅游有四大关键问题亟需得到有效解决,这要求采取对湘中民俗旅游发展具有关键作用的七个方面的措施。并且,在明确湘中民俗旅游开发主题的前提下,理清民俗旅游产品的设计思路,构建一个湘中民俗旅游主要产品的体系。     

伦理、文化与科技的互动——生态伦理问题的制度设计研究

随着科学技术负面影响的加剧,生态伦理问题也越来越突出。以个体、组织和国家三个层面同时从伦理因素、文化因素与科技因素的相互关系的作用中来实现生态伦理问题的制度设计,形成生态伦理问题有效的立体的制度方案。