论国有上市银行独立董事制度的完善

在银行业逐步开放的背景下,国家开放外资参股国有商业银行的主要目的是通过战略投资者的参股改善国有银行的治理水平。本文通过考察外资参股国有商业银行推行独立董事制度的部分实践并结合国内外关于独立董事制度的相关经验,提出独立董事在国有商业银行中的主要功能定位应不同于一般的上市公司,应主要发挥保护存款人利益,关注银行风险的作用。文章还对商业银行独立董事制度的建构以及如何协调独立董事与现有银行的外部监事制度的关系提出建议。     

Liability protection,director compensation,and incentives

We examine the effect of liability protection on the compensation of directors and on takeover outcomes. Consistent with the hypothesis that directors require additional compensation if they bear liability, we find that director compensation is higher for firms that provide less liability protection. Examining takeovers, we find evidence that takeovers of firms with protected directors are less likely to succeed. Moreover, firms with protected directors are more likely to accept a lower bid premium, and this finding is consistent with protected directors having reduced incentives to negotiate for the highest possible price during the acquisition. Overall, the results are consistent with the notion that director liability provisions have a significant impact both on director compensation and director duty.     

不完全契约下经理和债权人之间的代理成本问题研究

自詹森和麦克林提出代理成本理论以来,理论界对代理成本理论的研究,全部集中在股东与经理之间的股权代理成本和股东与债权人之间的债权代理成本。而关于经理和债权人之间的代理成本问题,几乎是空白。本文通过对经理作为“合同收益者”与“剩余收益者”双重属性的分析,提出了关于经理和债权人之间代理成本问题研究的基本思路。     

企业连锁董事网络中的社会资本不平等：基于先赋性与后致性因素的分析

社会资本在不同群体中分布不平等,但较少有研究分析精英群体中的社会资本不平等情况。基于陕西省上市公司2010-2017年数据,采用社会网络分析方法,分析不同性别（先赋性因素）和拥有不同教育背景（后致性因素）的董事在多项网络中心度上的差异。研究发现,网络中男性董事占据绝对数量优势,男女比例随时间变化呈稳定状态,但男性董事和女性董事在网络中心度上没有显著差异;受教育程度越高,董事越趋于网络中心地位。研究证实在董事群体中存在基于后致性因素的社会资本不平等,但不存在基于先赋性因素的社会资本不平等。     

董事会独立性与银行债务融资契约研究——基于2007～2009年上市公司数据实证分析

董事会作为公司治理结构的核心,其独立性直接影响到其职能作用的发挥和公司内部治理结构的水平,进而影响公司债务融资契约。本文以2007～2009年上市公司数据为样本,从董事长与总经理是否两职兼任和独立董事规模比例两方面研究董事会的独立性对银行债务融资契约的影响。研究发现,董事长与总经理两职兼任会导致银行债务期限结构缩短,而对银行债务规模没有显著影响;而独立董事和银行债务契约之间的关系并不明显。     

Assessment of technological appropriateness: The case of Indonesian rural development

It is commonly recognized at the present that technological appropriateness is not an intrinsic quality of any technology, but it derived from the surroundings (technological as well as sociocultural, politicolegal, economic, and environmental) in which it is to be utilized and the specific purpose of its application. On this basis, this paper presents two case studies for the selection of appropriate technologies for rural development in Indonesia. The first case deals with the problem of identifying a “set of appropriate technologies” to be promoted for accelerated rural development. The second case deals with the problem of selecting the “most appropriate one” among available technologies of one kind. The assessment exercises are carried out using existing methodologies and inputs (such as national priorities, assessment factors, and decision weights) from Indonesian nationals. It is shown that the analysis can provide useful guidelines for science and technology policy planning in developing countries.     

Choice of acquisition form in Australia and the post‐takeover employment of target firm directors on the acquiring firm board

In Australia, a corporate acquisition can be structured as either a scheme of arrangement or a takeover. We investigate the association between deal structure and the retention of target directors on the merged entity board. We find that the odds of a target director subsequently sitting on the merged entity's board are significantly higher in schemes. The results also show that premiums are lower in schemes of arrangement when additional target directors are appointed to the board of the acquiring firm. The findings indicate that target director appointment is unrelated to the merged entity's post‐acquisition performance.     

独立董监之适任性、影响力与新上市柜公司初期评价之关系

台湾新上市柜(IPO)公司自2002年2月19日起须依照“上市上柜审查条例”设置二席以上独立董事和一席以上独立监察人,集团企业与总经理兼任董事长职务之公司依规定尚应聘任较多之席次。本研究探讨独立董监之适任性、影响力与IPO公司初期评价间之关系。实证结果指出,独立董事具执业会计师资格、曾担任上市柜公司的董事长、总经理或副总经理,以及相对于最终控制者之董事席次比率愈大,市场解读为适任性佳,愈具有影响力,对承销价制定、投资人初期评价有正向之作用。就独立监察人而言,并束发现独立监察人专业背景对IPO初期评价具攸关性。     

CEO Involvement in Director Selection: Implications for REIT Dividend Policy

This paper examines the relationship between CEO entrenchment and dividend policy of real estate investment trusts (REITs). We develop an index for CEO entrenchment using CEO tenure and duality and find that this index has significant impact on dividend policy. We further separate our sample into two sub-groups: REITs with and without nomination committees. Our analyses show a strong positive relationship between CEO entrenchment level and dividend payout for REITs without a nomination committee. In REITs with nomination committees, CEO entrenchment has less influence on dividend policy. We conclude that dividend policy serves as a substitution for other governance mechanisms. Further, our results are consistent with the evidence for other US firms—CEO that are more entrenched pay higher dividends to avoid shareholder sanctions and the threat of takeover.

Agriculture in Europe 2000: An interim report on a cross-national research project

The futures research programme initiated by the European Cultural Foundation, Amsterdam, in 1968, under the general title of Plan Europe 2000, consists of four projects : Education, Industrialisation, Urbanisation and Agriculture.¹ Work on the last Agriculture Project commenced in September 1970. The prime aim of the project is to provide alternative “guiding images” of the roles and functions which agriculture could fulfil in Western Europe in the future.²