我国循环经济发展的思路和对策探究

本文从循环经济的起源、概念、理论基础、发展实践等方面分析了循环经济是一种深化的生态可持续发展理念模式，结合国内外发展循环经济的实践和我国的客观发展态势，分析了在我国发展循环经济的八个基本思路和五个关键对策。     

试论生态经济农业

解决传统农业生产模式生态与经济发展的矛盾，缓解生态危机，关键在于建立能实现经济与生态共同繁荣的生态经济农业模式，使经济发展与生态发展融合为一个完整的有机整体，达到生态与经济、人与自然在更高发展水平上和谐统一，21世纪，人类的生存与发展将进入生态经济时代，应该应用生态经济农业的观念指导现代农业，把农业经济行为同生态环境看做一个相互制约的系统，建立人与自然的和谐关系。减少和避免违反自然规律和经济规律的行为。     

政治生态与政治文明的价值合理性形塑

政治文明起源于市民社会对政治国家的分离，它以对市民社会主体性地位的确认为基础，标志着民主、自由、平等、人性的解放及实现程度；政治文明越是向前发展，市民社会的自治程度越高，政治发展也就越是依赖于市民社会的社会性资源，政治文明的价值合法性危机也就越大；为此，必须从政治生态的理论视野出发寻求对政治合法性危机的可能性途径，形塑政治文明的价值合理性。     

在西部民族地区完善财政生态补偿机制的对策建议

我国目前已经形成中央政府主导的对西部民族地区生态环境建设的财政补偿机制,但现行补偿机制具有很大的不稳定性、补偿不充足性、非长期高效性的特点,本文探讨如何为生态环境建设建立一种长效、稳定的兼容政府纵向和省区际间、流域间政府横向的财政补偿机制.     

Opportunity cost of water allocation to afforestation rather than conservation of natural vegetation in China

Estimation of ecosystem service values is a hot area of research in ecological conservation and economics. However, the costs of these outputs are largely unknown. In this paper, we estimated the opportunity cost of water allocated to afforestation projects through mathematical modeling based on statistical data for all of China to provide support for restoration planning based on a fuller consideration of the true costs. To guide future ecological conservation and environmental policy development, we illustrate a neglected concept (ecosystem service costs) and use this concept to compare the ecological services provided by ecological restoration based on afforestation with those of restoration based on the conservation of natural vegetation using data obtained since 1949 in China. The results showed that afforestation and natural vegetation create annual costs related to use of the available water resources equal to 4800 and 3700 RMB ha⁻¹, respectively, representing a water opportunity cost of 1100 RMB ha⁻¹ for afforestation. This illustrates the rule that “there is no free lunch” for any service, including ecosystem services. Therefore, to support the development of more effective and sustainable environmental restoration policy, it will be necessary to evaluate the associated opportunity costs.     

Firm heterogeneity, productivity and spatially bounded knowledge externalities

In this paper, we argue that conceptually disentangling the ‘context versus composition’ aspects of regional growth is a multilevel issue. By applying multilevel models (also called random-effects models), we show (1) the importance of considering firm-specific characteristics simultaneously with region-specific characteristics, as we find that a large part of what is traditionally assigned to the impact of the region should be assigned to firm-specific characteristics and (2) that existing single-level methodologies can be problematic, as they are vulnerable to the charge of estimating significance levels that are too liberally assigned and promote exaggerations. This is illustrated empirically by showing that single-level approaches would lead to the conclusion that innovation spillovers are highly significant in a setting of Dutch urban growth differentials, while multilevel analyses shows less liberally assigned significance levels. We conclude that multilevel-effect models better fit research questions that combine firm and spatial characteristics simultaneously, especially because they allow firm-specific characteristics to be differently linked to their regional contexts.     

区域中心城市创新生态圈要素架构、生态特征与运行机制

区域中心城市创新生态圈以生物学为隐喻，注重发挥创新主体的能动作用，能够放大区域中心城市发展优势。在回顾创新生态圈理论渊源的基础上，界定区域中心城市创新生态圈内涵，明确创新生态圈要素构成；以企业聚集发展为逻辑起点，探讨区域中心城市创新生态圈生态特征；基于生态学、创新理论等跨学科知识，构建区域中心城市创新生态圈演进模型，探究其运行机制。研究认为，区域中心城市创新生态圈具有开放式协同、动态自调节、多样性共生、自组织演化等生态特征，其运行机制由协同共生机制、风险识别与防控机制、利益分配机制和环境匹配机制共同组成。     

Theoretical analysis and model design of search for ecological conservation redlines based on the sensitivity assessment of ecosystem services

Most small-scale social economies are characterised by their deficiency, lack, and/or difficulty in matching natural data. Against this backdrop, this paper builds a relatively uniform theoretical framework and designs a more economical and objective method for demarcating ecological conservation redlines (ECR) based on sensitivity assessment of ecosystem services. The results show that the sensitivity assessment model designed in this study can identify sensitive zones effectively, and that the ECR in Hubei Province are well within the sensitive zones so identified. The delimited areas based on the sensitive assessment of ecosystem services have great similarities (95%) with the actual ECR areas in Hubei Province. The most ecologically important functional zones (EIFZ) can also be identified using the regional ecological sensitivity coefficient. When the threshold of EIFZ is set higher, the probability that it falls within the ecologically sensitive areas is greater and the ECR delimited by the method proposed in this study will be more reliable. Theoretically, the delimitation of ECR can be inserted at any evaluation level with a grid resolution higher than that of the land use data, which can be used as a supplement to the ECR delimitation method in ecology or geography.     

构建“校企共生态”校园文化 推进高职院校可持续发展

从党的十七大提出要建设生态文明,到十八大报告提出要把生态文明建设放在突出地位,生态俨然成为当今社会最热门的话题和最重要的主题之一。本文以当代构建和谐社会和生态文明背景下的高职教育体系为目标,以人为本,从学生个体和谐发展的角度出发,努力搭建校园文化和企业文化融通的平台,积极打造"校企共生态"校园文化,推进高职院校的可持续发展。     

Interrogating sustainable productivism: Lessons from the ‘Almerían miracle’

Many have suggested that a new form of sustainable agricultural productivism is needed in response to the challenges to food security posed by climate change and population growth. This paper employs elements of ecological modernisation theory and focusses on sustainability challenges and solutions, as well as the knowledge networks and production rationale to assess whether the intensive horticultural industry located in the Spanish province of Almería represents sustainable productivism. The Almerían horticultural industry, lauded as an example of neo-endogenous growth, manifests a range of sustainable technologies addressing environmental impacts. Yet, we argue that Almerían horticulture represents ‘weak ecological modernisation’ and its main sustainability challenges are posed by water scarcity, a demand led production rationale and the precarious situation of family farms that at present provide a degree of economic embeddedness in this highly industrialised production model. A competitive imperative yields marketing organisations huge sway in production decision-making, and while a cost-price squeeze has driven efficiency in the use of farm inputs and product innovation, it has paradoxically made further advances in sustainable water management very difficult to achieve. Transforming the Almerían horticultural industry into a truly sustainable model of productivism would require the concerted efforts of individual farmers and marketing organisations as well as regional and local water governance institutions and land use planning. A significant obstacle to this remains the dominant normative perception that justifies groundwater abstraction on the grounds of its high economic returns and the perceived inability of small farmers to invest in desalinated water or further technological solutions.