我国循环经济发展的思路和对策探究

本文从循环经济的起源、概念、理论基础、发展实践等方面分析了循环经济是一种深化的生态可持续发展理念模式，结合国内外发展循环经济的实践和我国的客观发展态势，分析了在我国发展循环经济的八个基本思路和五个关键对策。     

可持续发展与环境保护立法的双向互动

可持续发展客观上推动着环境保护立法的完善,并且把这一理念融入到环境保护立法之中。同时,要真正实现可持续发展离不开环境保护立法的保障与支撑。因此,既要不断推进可持续发展,又要不断完善环境保护立法,从而做到可持续发展与环境保护立法的双向互动。     

基于BP人工神经网络的小城镇生态规划研究——以梅河口市中和镇为例

试图将人工神经网络方法引入生态规划,采用BP(Back-Propagation)神经网络建立生态适宜度评价模型,并用于实际的生态适宜度分析中,从而为生态规划提供一种新的方法。对案例区梅河口市中和镇生态健康水平进行评价,结果显示:中和镇生态现状处于亚健康水平。从生态规划学理论和神经网络模型出发,以梅河口市中和镇实际调查数据为基础,利用MATLAB7.0软件建立生态适宜度分析模型。利用建立的评价模型对中和镇的生态适宜性进行评价。根据生态适宜性评价结果和生态健康水平提出中和镇生态区划方案。     

Ecological footprint of Gansu Province, China between 1997 and 2002： changes and inducement

The calculation of Ecological Footprint （EF） on the basis of Input-Output model （I-O model） was advanced by Bicknell, and modified and improved hy Ferng who corrected the footprint＇s aggregation to each sectors. For the lack of sufficient teehnique to deal with the trade between the research areas and the rest of the world, it it necessary to improve this method. And a dynamic analysis of the change of footprint based on I-O model, which could explore the factor impacting the footprint using the ,special advantage of I-O model, ought to be put into practice. After introducing the new method in detail, we calculate and compare the EF and the change of Gansu Province in the northwest of China in 1997 and 2002. The result shows that there was an increase of EF in 2002 caused by final domestic demand. Further; the inerement in EF export was 2.0 × 10^5 ha and 1.6 × 10^6 ha in import. The out-of- region support dropped from 22.6% to 18. 6%. We introduce three factors causing the EF change based on the character of I-O model： the productivity of the resourve which is explained by the change of resource used to obtain one unit output in a sector, the improvement of the economics and the final demand. Finally, we find that the effects of the three factors on the EF change are not identical except the industry sectors and the change of factors in the agriculture and the industry sectors works notably.     

在西部民族地区完善财政生态补偿机制的对策建议

我国目前已经形成中央政府主导的对西部民族地区生态环境建设的财政补偿机制,但现行补偿机制具有很大的不稳定性、补偿不充足性、非长期高效性的特点,本文探讨如何为生态环境建设建立一种长效、稳定的兼容政府纵向和省区际间、流域间政府横向的财政补偿机制.     

产业集群生态化运作模式对企业成长的影响

产业集群生态化运作为企业提供了不同于传统集群的生长资源和环境,在生态化运作过程中,集群目标设置、空间结构、种群规模、管理要素与运作机制相辅相成,构成其生态化运作维度。以生态化清洁生产外延、网络协同共生、集群核心企业生产链条延伸3种模式进行生态化运作时,集群运作维度呈现出不同特征,构建了企业成长的不同环境、结构和关系力量,形成集群企业成长的约束条件。基于此,在集群的每一种生态化运作模式下,主导产业和关联产业的企业表现出不同成长状态。     

A research agenda for improving national Ecological Footprint accounts

Nation-level Ecological Footprint accounts are currently produced for more than 150 nations, with multiple calculations available for some nations. The data sets that result from these national assessments typically serve as the basis for Footprint calculations at smaller scales, including those for regions, cities, businesses, and individuals. Global Footprint Network's National Footprint Accounts, supported and used by more than 70 major organizations worldwide, contain the most widely used national accounting methodology today. The National Footprint Accounts calculations are undergoing continuous improvement as better data becomes available and new methodologies are developed. In this paper, a community of active Ecological Footprint practitioners and users propose key research priorities for improving national Ecological Footprint accounting. For each of the proposed improvements, we briefly review relevant literature, summarize the current state of debate, and suggest approaches for further development. The research agenda will serve as a reference for a large scale, international research program devoted to furthering the development of national Ecological Footprint accounting methodology.     

Integrating ecosystem services into conservation assessments: A review

A call has been made for conservation planners to include ecosystem services into their assessments of conservation priority areas. The need to develop an integrated approach to meeting different conservation objectives and a shift in focus towards human wellbeing are some of the motivations behind this call. There is currently no widely accepted approach to planning for ecosystem services. This study contributes towards the development of this approach through a review of conservation assessments and the extent to which they include ecosystem services. Of the 476 conservation assessments identified by a set of search terms on the Web of Science, 100 were randomly selected for this review. Of these only seven had included ecosystem services, while another 13 had referred to ecosystem services as a rationale for conservation without including them in the assessment. The majority of assessments were based on biodiversity pattern data while 19 used data on ecological processes. A total of 11 of these 19 assessments used processes, which could be linked to services. Ecosystem services have witnessed an increase in attention received in conservation assessments since the year 2000, however trends were not apparent beyond this date. In order to assess which types of ecosystem services and how they have been accounted for in conservation assessments, we extended our review to include an additional nine conservation assessments which included ecosystem services. The majority included cultural ecosystem services, followed by regulatory, provisioning and supporting services respectively. We conclude with an analysis of the constraints and opportunities for the integration of ecosystem services into conservation assessments and highlight the urgent need for an appropriate framework for planning for ecosystem services.     

生态化的创新法律体系研究

生态化技术创新需要有效的法律制度的支持,针对当前我国创新法律体系存在的问题,提出了构建生态化的创新法律体系的观点,并分析其构建的法理基础。生态化的创新法律体系主要由理念结构、体系结构和具体制度3个层面建构而成,其中国家创新战略、政府激励机制、市场激励机制以及风险规避机制属于需要重点关注的几个方面。     

我国能源节约审计的优化路径

近年来,我国在国际社会中处于能源消费大国地位,积极开展能源节约审计有利于促进我国落实能源节约工作、推进生态文明建设进程、响应国际社会对保护环境的呼吁。但是,目前我国能源节约审计的理论和实践都存在不足。本文借鉴最高审计机关国际组织(INTOSAI)环境审计工作组(WGEA)发布的研究报告《能源节约》中有关能源节约审计案例的经验,结合我国能源节约审计现状,探讨了能源节约审计目标和审计程序,并从审计业务类型选择、审计标准制订、审计内容拓展、审计方式方法改进、审计人才培养等方面对优化我国能源节约审计工作提出了相关建议。