英格兰林地补助金及其对我国森林资源管理政策的启示

英格兰林地补助金是在欧盟共同农业和农村发展政策框架下的林地管理和补助政策。突出特点是按照森林资源经营的不同阶段设置不同的补助标准,采用现代化信息技术作为森林资源管理和补助发放的手段,资金瞄准率高,实现了在最大限度地利用森林资源的同时,最大化国土生态效益的目标。阐述了英格兰林地补助金的主要内容,分析了其政策的突出特点和管理理念,提出了值得我国公益林建设借鉴的思路。     

Scoring rules and survey density forecasts

This article provides a practical evaluation of some leading density forecast scoring rules in the context of forecast surveys. We analyse the density forecasts of UK inflation obtained from the Bank of England’s Survey of External Forecasters, considering both the survey average forecasts published in the Bank’s quarterly Inflation Report, and the individual survey responses recently made available to researchers by the Bank. The density forecasts are collected in histogram format, and the ranked probability score (RPS) is shown to have clear advantages over other scoring rules. Missing observations are a feature of forecast surveys, and we introduce an adjustment to the RPS, based on the Yates decomposition, to improve its comparative measurement of forecaster performance in the face of differential non-response. The new measure, denoted RPS*, is recommended to analysts of forecast surveys.     

基于低碳经济的大型超市逆向物流管理问题研究

阐述了低碳经济的内涵、逆向物流的含义及产生,分析了低碳经济下连锁超市实施逆向物流管理的意义。最后提出了低碳经济下提高我国大型超市逆向物流管理水平的建议。     

零售企业超市业态的创新模式研究——以商社集团和永辉超市为例

采用李飞(2006)提出的零售业态构成要素模型,以重庆商社集团和福建永辉超市为例,对比分析了两者业态间的差异,并结合超市业态创新内容路线图提出了重庆商社集团创新超市业态的实施路径。     

Farmers’ Preferences for New Environmental Policy Instruments: Determining the Acceptability of Cross Compliance for Biodiversity Benefits

This paper addresses the issue of farmers’ views concerning the perceived legitimacy of environmental cross compliance as a governance mechanism. Recent work on the theory of regulation emphasises the importance of the legitimacy ascribed to a regulation in determining the effectiveness with which it can be implemented. The current study outlines a rationale for why this motivational question should receive attention in economic studies of policy design and reports the results of a survey of 102 arable farmers in East Anglia, UK, which investigated the level of support for the principle of cross compliance for biodiversity objectives. It was found that two attitudinal factors, referred to as ‘Stewardship Orientation’ and ‘Technological Beliefs’, were by far the most significant in determining the acceptability of cross compliance in the sample, and that structural and socio‐demographic factors were considerably less important. The study also identified clusters of farmers according to their overall attitudinal orientation. Of the five groups thus categorised, four appeared on average likely to reject cross compliance as a general principle, leaving only the most ‘Environmental’ cluster in support. The policy implications are discussed and some conclusions drawn.     

Segmenting high technology adopters

This article highlights a link between the innovative behavior of high technology firms and their buying. An empirical indepth study of 16 firms manufacturing electrical and electronic measuring instruments shows how components are bought by different types of firms. The findings suggest a useful basis for segmenting high technology industrial markets.     

国内超市可持续经营研究

自 2 0世纪 90年代超市在我国诞生以来 ,超市发展迅速 ,经营业绩突出 ,大大推动了我国商业经济的繁荣和社会的进步。然而超市虽拥有其它商业零售业不可比的优势 ,但由于超市在我国的发展时间比较短 ,并不十分成熟 ,仍然存在许多问题与不足。因此 ,我国超市要学习外资超市先进的管理经验 ,制定切实可行的措施 ,改善我国超市的经营状况 ,迎接加入WTO后外资超市的挑战。     

农村连锁超市饱和度研究

对农村连锁超市饱和度进行准确判断,是零售企业向农村市场扩张,实现农村零售网点合理布局的依据。文章运用农村连锁超市饱和指数法,明确了超市零售设施规模对农村超市扩张决策的影响关系;并进一步运用农村连锁超市的凯莉动态相对指标法,确定了农村连锁超市企业市场份额的最高增速点X0和最高市场份额点X1。     

基于排队论的超市收费服务模型的探讨

提高顾客的通过速度,减少顾客收费的停留时间是提高超市的服务质量有效途径之一。排除论作为研究服务系统中排除现象随机规律的学科,如能将其运用于超市服务系统的规划当中,有重要的实践意义。文章根据排除论的思想建立了超市的排队服务模型。通过对模型的优化设计,科学地确定超市服务收费通道数量,并通过实例说明了该方法的计算过程,证明排队论在超市服务系统优化中具有实际用途,为类似的设计提供参考。     

条形码技术在超市POS系统中的应用

介绍了超市应用的POS系统主要构成与功能,条码应用的原理,条码技术在超市管理中的应用。