The Future European Labor Supply: The Critical Role of the Family

The European employment strategy initiated in 1997 is critically dependent upon the further integration of women into the labor market. The European Union has set a specific target employment rate for women of 60 percent by 2010 and is also committed to providing more and better child care facilities. This gender focus is reinforced by the requirement for gender mainstreaming in all aspects of European employment policy. There is an implied Europe-wide, universal policy of encouraging female labor-market participation and reducing the care work performed by domestic labor. However, the European Commission continues to have limited competence in areas of family, social, and welfare policy. As a result, these common employment objectives for women are thus being pursued against a background of quite different systems of social, family, welfare, and indeed labor-market organization. These systems have different economic and employment implications, such that the outcomes of the common European employment strategy will also be highly variable.     

Ontology and Feminist Theorizing

There are large research, policy, and economic gaps between the ways US researchers and policy makers address the work/family bind amongst middleclass professionals and poor lone mothers. This is clearly seen in US welfare reform, an important piece of work/family legislation in the 1990s. The new rules make the work/family binds worse for low-income, poor mothers and do not alleviate poverty. With its clear expectation that poor mothers be employed, the legislation opens up new avenues to revamp low-wage work for breadwinners and to socialize the costs of caring for family. Closing the literature gap may help to close the policy gap, which, in turn, would promote more income equality.     

对乌鲁木齐市零就业家庭24小时动态清零政策实施情况的调查

就业是民生之本，是促进社会和谐发展的重要基础。2010年召开的自治区党委七届九次全委扩大会议提出重点解决零就业家庭就业问题，并且将零就业家庭就业援助工作作为新疆实现跨越式发展和长治久安的一项重点民生工程。2011年是自治区确定的民生建设年，如何继续落实好零就业家庭24小时动态清零政策，促进就业再就业工作是当前亟待解决的问题。本文通过对零就业家庭就业援助政策背景、实施情况、存在问题等进行深入分析，提出了提升零就业家庭成员就业竞争力、促进零就业家庭稳定就业的相关对策建议。     

Recognizing the Significance of Culture and Ethnicity: Exploring Hidden Assumptions of Homogeneity

Despite increasing focus on culture and its impact upon study results, researchers may be unaware of or ignore their own cultural biases and assumptions in interpretation of the data. Often when similarities exist between researcher and participant, the researcher may assume cultural homogeneity exists. This article provides an illustration of the problematic nature of such assumptions through the examination of a study on entrepreneurship and the intersection of work, leisure, and family. Participants included 13 men and women who were home-based business entrepreneurs living in an urban community within Newfoundland, Canada. Additional themes were uncovered when culture was addressed, including the importance of family, the division between public and private in the household, and the interconnection of gender and culture. A recommendation is given to use greater care when conducting research with participants who share a similar racial background with the researcher.     

意大利美第奇家族银行的兴衰探析

美第奇家族银行从1397年建立,到1494年被其政治对手充公、结束历史使命为止,前后近百年,经历了比齐(1360-1428年)的创业、科西莫(1389-1464年)的辉煌和高多索(1416-1469年)、劳伦佐(1449-1492年)的衰落三个阶段,为中世纪佛罗伦萨经济谱写了辉煌的篇章。美第奇家族银行作为欧洲15世纪最著名的银行之一,在银行管理上形成了独具特色的控股公司的形式,在世界经济发展史上留下了自己的痕迹。在经济日新月异的今天,研究美第奇家族银行对全面了解美第奇家族对意大利文艺复兴的贡献和现代企业的发展仍具有重要的现实意义。     

什么样的农场主在经营中国的家庭农场

本文基于全国31省在2014-2018年监测数据,对家庭农场的农场主的年龄、教育水平等特征及变迁进行分析。研究表明,农场主性别呈"男九女一"特征;农场主平均47岁;农场主学历教育水平方面,50%~60%为初中及以下,至少1/3为高中(中专或职高),10%左右为大专及以上(含本科和研究生);八到九成农场主接受再教育培训,平均每年接受3类培训;农场主平均有5~7年规模经营经历,但越来越多的没有规模经营经历和经历短的人成为农场主;近六成农场主有1种以上从业经历,他们至少有2种经历,最多的有6到9种经历;八成农场主是本村的,九成是本乡的。本文认为下一步应完善农业劳动力市场,健全农业职业教育培训体系,加快农业职业化步伐。     

家族管理与CEO支配力对企业价值之影响

本文以台湾上市公司为研究对象,实证探讨家族管理与CEO支配力对企业价值之影响,研究结果发现:控制股东之家族成员参与高阶管理团队时,若增强CEO结构支配力,减弱CEO股权支配力,对企业价值具有正面影响.因此,从本研究可获得启示,若控制股东家族希望能够借由参与高阶管理团队以提升企业价值,应同时考虑CEO支配力之影响.     

Riding the waves of family firm internationalization: A systematic literature review,integrative framework,and research agenda

Despite the proliferation in research efforts, family firm (FF) internationalization scholarship suffers from fragmentation, theoretical limitations, and empirical indeterminacy, leaving important facets unexplored. This article’s purpose is to unpack how this body of research has evolved over time and interfaces international business (IB) theory. We conduct a systematic literature review of relevant theoretical and empirical studies covering the last 30 years of research and comprising 134 articles. Our study contributes to this corpus of knowledge by identifying and discussing four evolutionary waves of FF internationalization research. We further advance an integrative framework that offers a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-the-art as well as promising avenues for future research at the intersection of IB and FFs.     

In search of lost leisure: the impact of caregiving on leisure travel

One of the fastest growing market segments of the tourism industry over the last two decades is made up of consumers 55 years of age and older. As we enter the new millennium, over 50 million of these “mature adults” will find themselves on the edge of retirement, equipped with the freedom and financial means to travel, but restricted by a loved one who may become ill or disabled. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of caregiving on the leisure travel behaviors of family caregivers and their care-recipients. Qualitative data collection and analysis methods were employed. In addition to identifying impediments (physical, social, emotional) to pursuing or maintaining leisure travel for caregivers of older adults, the qualitative analysis yielded other emergent themes such as changes in patterns and types of leisure travel, entitlement, resentment, and anger. Implications and recommendations for researchers and practitioners are included.     

The functions of the family in the great society

Criticisms by Hodgson and others that Hayek and other Austrianscannot offer a theory of the family are responded to with adiscussion of the functions of the family in a market society.The family can be understood as a bridge between what Hayekterms ‘organisations’, or face-to-face social institutionsand ‘orders’, or the anonymous social institutionsof the Great Society. The family's necessary role is then linkedto familiar Hayekian themes of knowledge and incentives. Familieshelp us to learn the explicit and tacit social rules necessaryfor functioning in the wider world, and families are uniquelypositioned to do so, because it is those closest to us who havethe knowledge and incentives necessary to provide that learning.