海南自贸港背景下导游职业认同及对策研究

自我国将海南设为自由贸易港以来,重点加强商品贸易往来与海南出入境旅游、国内旅游的同时,海南自由贸易港依托自身优势已经发展成为国内热门旅游目的地。在旅游业的构成当中,旅游从业人员是非常重要的一部分,导游又在旅游业从业人员中占比很大。导游对自己的职业认同感直接影响到对客态度、服务质量、业务水平,很大程度上决定着游客对目的地的满意度与认同感。在海南自贸港建设背景下导游对自己职业的观点看法、认同感调查分析以及提出相应策略和方法,丰富对职业认同感的研究,以及为海南自贸港建设背景下导游服务业发展提供对策,从而提升导游职业认同感。     

Pricing practices and firms' market power in international cellular markets, an empirical study

Previous studies on international marketing have typically asked the question: “how is the demand characterized across countries?” Such analysis is then used to provide guidelines for firms to enter new markets and/or to allocate marketing resources across countries. To provide such normative guidelines, however, one also needs to analyze the supply-side of the problem, i.e., ask: “what is the likely market power that firms will be able to command in different countries?” Building on the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) framework, recent research in marketing provides marketers with a variety of models to explore competitive interactions among firms in the context of a single market. The goal of this paper is to extend this literature to a multimarket/multinational context to help international marketers assess the likely market power they face when entering new countries. We illustrate the proposed method on the mobile telecommunications industry, using price and quantity data from 10 countries around the world, estimating firms' market power as a function of a number of country characteristics.The results indicate that, while the simple presence of competition diminishes firms' market power, it does not lead to perfect competition. Interestingly, a higher number of competitors in a country does not seem to have significant incremental effect on market power. In contrast, the country's commitment to a severe antitrust policy has a significant negative effect, while the monopolist's lead-time before competition is allowed has a significant positive effect on market power. These findings, together with a change in price elasticities as a result of competition, suggest that market power in different countries may originate from two sources: (i) collusive pricing among cellular operators and (ii) consumers' switching costs across service providers. For international marketers, the findings imply that the attractiveness of wealthier countries (with usually faster diffusion rates and larger market potential) may be mitigated by higher levels of competition (as a result of developed antitrust regulation and more consumer exposure to competitive marketing practices). From a policy point of view, it suggests that (in contrast to the conventional wisdom) simple deregulation may not be enough to reduce prices to competitive levels. In addition, a severe antitrust policy is crucial to achieve this goal.     

北美自由贸易区:特点、运行机制、借鉴与启示

北美自由贸易区的建立与运行，体现出“南”、“北”共存性、一国主导性和经济互补性的明显特点，这些特点同拟议建立的中国-东盟自由贸易区可能存在诸多“相通”之处。因此，认真研究和深入探讨北美自由贸易区的运行机制以及北美自由贸易区建立近10年来取得的成效和存在的问题，可以为未来建立中国-东盟自由贸易区，并促进其稳定运行、实现其建设目标，提供有价值的借鉴与启示。     

上海自贸区的“光环效应”及问题分析--从自贸区“抢位”现象说起

中国（上海）自由贸易试验区自成立以来一直是人们关注的热点,人们在参与自贸区活动中存在着“抢位”等盲目行为,自贸区“光环效应”明显。不良“光环效应”遮蔽自贸区的内在发展,反映了我国在自贸区发展过程中存在系统性和前瞻性的宏观问题。文章从自贸区的本身、人们心理情感、政策环境和信息传递过程四个方面分析自贸区不良“光环效应”的产生原因,并揭示不良“光环效应”可能带来的弊端,如浪费资源、破坏市场秩序、影响社会稳定、降低政府公信力、增加政策执行难度、遮蔽自贸区本质、不利于长远发展等问题。最后,在健康生态的理念下从三个方面探求破解“光环效应”、回归上海自贸区发展“正道”的有效途径,包括信息传递过程要公开、透明、准确、快速;各活动主体需开阔视野、端正认识、回归理性;自贸区自身建设则要立足国际环境,激发内在动力,以制度创新为突破点,构建对接全球经济发展的市场生态。     

我国自贸试验区发展态势、制约因素与未来展望

面对世界经贸关系的变化和全球治理秩序的重构,以及国内经济形势对改革开放的新要求,我国自2013年以来已经设立18个自贸试验区。作为改革开放的"制度试验田",自贸试验区在制度创新和试点经验的推广方面取得了良好效果,各项经济指标表现优异,但也存在发展引领效果不明显、服务业对外开放程度不高、自主改革创新权限不够高等问题。推动自贸试验区发展,应着力提高自贸试验区改革创新的自主权限,加快服务业对外开放,协同推进汇率、利率市场化改革与资本账户开放,构建全面有效的风险管理体系,发挥平台支撑和关键节点作用,将自贸试验区战略与国家区域战略和"一带一路"倡议相结合。     

出口机会与进口竞争对工业机器人企业的叠加影响：基于出口持续时间的视角

工业机器人企业是中国推动制造业数字化革命、抢占国际分工制高点战略的主力军,然而其出口持续时间平均不足1年,需引起高度关注。本文基于2000-2015年中国海关数据库和工业企业数据库的匹配数据,运用Cox风险模型分析了出口机会增大和进口竞争加剧对工业机器人企业出口持续时间的影响和作用机制。结果表明,出口机会增大更有利于延长企业出口持续时间,进口竞争加剧则提高了企业的退出率,这一结论在产品多样化程度低、产品核心度低、行业竞争小和市场集中度低的企业中尤为明显;出口机会与进口竞争,主要是通过企业生产率和技术创新的中介作用影响企业的出口持续时间;面对双重叠加影响,工业机器人企业应充分利用产品间的技术关联效应提高出口持续性。     

浅谈英语颜色词的翻译

Color words play an important role in the different cultural languages. As the background of Chinese and English culture varies each other, the usage of color word also differs greatly. In order to understand inner meaning better, people must adopt some different transhtion techniques in translating materials （such as literal translation, flee transhtion, change and addition of some color words, etc. ） so as to translate English color words in an accurate way. As a result, it can help people make cross-cultural more effectively and promote the cultural exchange and hybrid between English and Chinese nationalities.     

Microcredit games with noisy signals: Contagion and free-riding

The advent of microcredit financing has remarkably improved access to credit for the poor in many developing countries. Although several microcredit programs have adopted the joint liability scheme, economic theory suggests that joint liability could increase strategic default through contagion and free-riding. This paper aims at studying the extent of free-riding and contagion in joint liability lending. By using data from experimental repayment games conducted in Vietnam, with noisy signals that resemble actual microcredit programs, we found that subjects were motivated to free-ride under the joint liability scheme. While most empirical research in this area has focused on the problem of contagion, our findings point to the significance of investigating free-riding behavior under joint liability schemes. Analyses reveal that the free-riding tendency may be led by the irresponsiveness of repayment and shouldering behavior to the partner’s seemingly strategic default in the previous round.     

服务贸易:新常态下创新路径

服务业开放水平不高和贸易监管制度不健全已成为我国服务贸易发展的制约。在我国经济新常态下,应充分利用上海自由贸易试验区建设机遇,加快开放以计算机服务为重点的跨境交付、以专业服务业为主的商业存在和以职业资质互认为重点的自然人移动等领域,培育本土供应商和打造公共服务平台,完善服务贸易监管制度、促进制度和统计制度,推进区域拓展和主体拓展,实现我国服务贸易整体创新。     

中国-东盟自由贸易区建成对广西经济的影响研究

中国-东盟自由贸易区的建成有利于广西外贸、财政收入和投资的增长。文章认为,广西应当加大对基础设施、教育、科技和政府服务等方面的投入力度,改善投资环境,大力发展农产品加工业、冶金业,创建龙头企业,带动广西与东盟贸易的增长。