论绿色GDP在建设全面小康社会中的地位——以长岛县为个案的实证分析

依据先天的自然条件,长岛县通过向大海实施“捞铜工程”与“捞银工程”而早早地迈进了小康社会,但是,这种忽视环境成本而单纯追求经济GDP增长的发展道路,在环境变迁的情况下面临着重重困境。环境变迁对传统型生产方式的挑战,突显出绿色GDP指标体系与循环经济模式,是我国建设全面小康社会的必然选择。绿色GDP应该成为衡量全面小康社会的核心指标,尤其是在那些如长岛县一样主要依赖自然环境的资源型区域社会。     

中国东、中、西部城镇化对经济增长的贡献

中国城镇化率的地区差异较大,东部较高,西部较低,中部居中;改革开放以来全国各地区的城镇化率都有大幅度的提高,但提高幅度的地区差异也较明显,东部地区提高幅度较大,西部地区提高幅度较小,中部地区提高幅度居中.各地区城镇化推动经济增长的作用是显著的;东、中、西部三大地区中,城镇化对经济增长的贡献率依次为西部、中部和东部,同经济发展水平的顺序恰好相反.因此,继续加快中、西部地区的城镇化进程,有助于缩小地区差距.     

中小城市商业银行财务贫困性增长的成因及对策

近年来，一些中小城市商业银行出现了财务贫困性增长的现象。不成熟的市场，不健全的法制，形成了有悖于股份制商业银行运作的外部环境；权力过分集中，责、权、效、利得不到有效结合，没有建立以利润指标为核心的考核机制等多种因素的综合作用，使中小城市商业银行难以摆脱财务贫困性增长。走内涵型、效益型的集约化经营道路是解决问题的关键。     

奥肯定律与扩大的奥肯模型估计——关于中国就业与经济增长的数量关系实证(1978-2003)

奥肯定律表明与正常的(或潜在的或趋势的)增长率相比,高产出增长伴随着失业率的降低,低产出增长伴随着失业率的上升.作为一种经验规律,奥肯定律在西方很多国家的实践中得到了良好的验证.本文根据1978年以来中国的宏观经济统计数据进行模型回归检验,结果显示我国城镇登记失业率的变化与实际产出增长率之间不存在典型的奥肯规律.由于我国公开的失业率并不能反映真实的市场失业率,为此用就业量代替失业率,建立扩大的奥肯模型,分别对我国第一、二和三产业的就业增长与经济增长的数量关系进行估计.实证的结果显示我国第二、三产业的就业增长与产出增长和物价上涨均为正相关;而我国农业的就业增长与产出增长存在负相关.     

GDP质量的系统分析与改善对策——以甘肃省为例

GDP已经成为世界公认的衡量经济增长速度的指标,但它只是单纯从数量上反映经济增长。GDP外部质量特征主要体现在年平均发展速度、年地区发展的离散系数上;内部质量特征则包括支出法构成、收入法构成、三次产业构成、要素的贡献率、能源和原材料消耗等方面。应综合GDP的内部质量指标和外部质量指标编制GDP综合质量指标评价体系,弥补单一GDP指标的不足。     

Regional, national, and spatially explicit scenarios of demographic and economic change based on SRES

We report here spatially explicit scenario interpretations for population and economic activity (GDP) for the time period 1990 to 2100 based on three scenarios (A2, B1, and B2) from the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). At the highest degree of spatial detail, the scenario indicators are calculated at a 0.5 by 0.5 degree resolution. All three scenarios follow the qualitative scenario characteristics, as outlined in the original SRES scenarios. Two scenarios (B1 and B2) also follow (with minor adjustments due to scenario improvements) the original SRES quantifications at the level of 4 and 11 world regions respectively. The quantification of the original SRES A2 scenario has been revised to reflect recent changing perceptions on the demographic outlook of world population growth. In this revised “high population growth” scenario, A2r world population reaches some 12 billion by 2100 (as opposed to some 15 billion in the original SRES A2 scenario) and is characterized by a “delayed fertility transition” that is also mirrored in a delayed (economic) development catch-up, resulting in an initially stagnating and subsequently only very slow reduction in income disparities. The spatially explicit scenario interpretation proceeds via two steps. Through a combination of decomposition and optimization methods, world regional scenario results are first disaggregated to the level of 185 countries. In a subsequent second step, national results are further disaggregated to a grid cell level, taking urbanization and regional (rural–urban) income disparities explicitly into account. A distinguishing feature of the spatially explicit scenario results reported here is that both methodologies, as well as numerical assumptions underlying the “downscaling” exercise, are scenario-dependent, leading to distinctly different spatial patterns of population and economic activities across the three scenarios examined.     

An Eclectic Approach to Estimating U.S. Potential GDP

Rennison (Comparing alternative output gap estimations: a Monte Carlo approach, 2003) has provided simulation-based evidence showing that the joint use of extended multivariate filters and structural vector autoregression models is optimal for estimating potential output. We use this approach to estimate the two components of potential GDP: the full-employment labour input and trend labour productivity. This decomposition is useful for identifying sources of fluctuations in potential output. It reveals, for example, that the vigorous growth rate of U.S. potential GDP recorded during the second half of the 1990s is attributable to a fall in the structural rate of unemployment and a marked upswing in trend productivity growth.     

云南GDP的灰色预测和分析

文章通过建立灰色系统理论建立预测模型,结合云南省过去几年的GDP的数值,预测未来几年云南省GDP的发展状况,为政府管理部门,以及其他经济部门的决策提供科学依据,并对预测结果进行评价。     

中国国内生产总值与教育之间关系的实证分析

本文从柯布-道格拉斯生产函数入手,将劳动力按受教育程度划分为四类分别进行处理。主要就中国国内生产总值(GDP)与各等教育程度劳动力和投资之间关系进行单整和协整检验,并建立误差修正模型(ECM),然后在协整条件下对各等教育程度劳动力与GDP的长、短期关系进行分析。文章的实证结果将为我国有关部门的政策决策提供有力依据。     

体制变革背景下的服务业增长：一个定量分析框架

1978-2006年，中国服务业的高速增长与经济体制变革存在着直接的关系。体制变革是过去20多年中服务业增长的一个最重要因素。体制变革一方面通过放松管制提高了服务业占GDP的比重，另一方面，体制变革通过民营化进程降低了服务业的内部产业X-无效率，提高了服务业的金要素生产率。