大学生社交焦虑症的音乐治疗过程初探

文章探讨了音乐疗法对社交焦虑症患者的疗效。采用音乐疗法对一例存在社交焦虑症的求助者进行心理治疗,求助者4周后的各量表评分都达到了正常值,测验结果显示治疗达到了预期效果,得出音乐疗法对社交焦虑症具有一定的改善作用。     

Cost-effectiveness achieved through changing the composition of renal replacement therapy in Japan

Abstract

Objective:

The cost-effectiveness of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is affected by the composition of treatment. This study aimed to estimate the costs and outcomes associated with changing the composition of RRT modality over time.

Methods:

By using clinical and cost data from a systematic review, a Markov model was developed to assess the costs and benefits of the four main treatments available for RRT in Japan. The model included direct health service costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results.

Results:

Over the 15-year period of the model, the current composition of RRT (i.e., the base composition of RRT) was $84,008/QALY. The most cost-effective treatment was when the likelihood of a living donor transplant was increased by 2.4-times ($70,581/QALY). Compared with the base composition of RRT, dominant treatments with respect to cost-effectiveness were when the likelihood of a deceased donor transplant was increased by 22-times and when the likelihood of a pre-emptive living donor transplant was increased by 2.4-times. Little difference was found between these two treatments. One-way sensitivity analysis did not change the cost effectiveness except for costs of chronic hemodialysis and a living donor transplant in subsequent years.

Limitations:

It is difficult to increase the rate of transplant overall in the shorter term nationally and internationally.

Conclusions:

Appropriate distribution of all transplant options and hemodialysis is necessary to achieve the most cost-effective solution.     

阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎临床疗效观察

目的探讨阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗MPP的临床价值及优越性。方法将86例MPP患儿分为观察组（45例）和对照组（41例）,对照组给予红霉素静脉滴注治疗,观察组给予阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗,观察两组患儿临床症状及体征改善情况,并进行疗效评定。结果观察组治疗总有效率为97.78%,明显高于对照组的82.93%（P＜0.05）;观察组临床症状和体征消失时间均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组不良反应发生率为13.33%,明显低于对照组的34.15%（P＜0.05）。结论阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗MPP具有疗效好、见效快、不良反应少等优点,是目前治疗小儿MPP的一种首选方案。     

Comparing technological hype cycles: Towards a theory

The notion of ‘hype’ is widely used and represents a tempting way to characterize developments in technological fields. The term appears in business as well as in academic domains. Consultancy firms offer technological hype cycle models to determine the state of development of technological fields in order to facilitate strategic investment decisions. In Science, Technology and Innovation Studies the concept of hype is considered in studies on the dynamics of expectations in innovation processes, which focuses on the performative force of expectations. What is still lacking is a theory of hype patterns that is able to explain the different shapes of hype cycles in different contexts. In this paper we take a first step towards closing this gap by studying and comparing the results of case studies on three hypes in three different empirical domains: voice over internet protocol (VoIP), gene therapy and high-temperature superconductivity. The cases differ in terms of the type of technology and the characteristics of the application environment. We conclude that hype patterns indeed vary a lot, and that the interplay of expectations at different levels affects the ability of a field to cope with hype and disappointment.     

黑龙江省可持续旱景园林中的新秀--观赏草资源

介绍可持续旱景园林的定义,描述观赏草的观赏特征与习性,重点分析黑龙江省的主要旱生观赏草种类,介绍了它们的特征、生境、繁殖方式与应用,探讨了它在使用中需要注意的问题。     

货币政策的尴尬——浅析抑制通货膨胀中货币政策作用的弱化性及措施

中国发生的通货膨胀。虽然是在全球通胀的大环境下,但中国通胀有其独特的原因和历史背景。那么要抑制通胀,最简单的办法就是提高货币的价值,但是在目前的中国,这一问题就要复杂得多,我们多次运用紧缩的货币政策,并没有有效抑制通货膨胀,达到想象的预期效果,货币政策明显地表现出弱化性。所以目前"从紧"货币政策需要配合多种手段。解决的方案也不能局限在货币政策上。需要政府的宏观调控体制体现出更多的艺术和智慧。     

人本主义疗法在思想政治教育中的应用

思想政治教育是做人的工作,而要真正做好人的工作,就必须以人为中心,把握现代思想政治教育的特点和心理咨询、思想政治教育以及人本主义疗法三者的相互关联,使人本主义疗法在思想政治教育中发挥作用。     

降压药用药方案评估伴高血压的慢性肾脏病患者

目的评估伴高血压的慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者应用降血压药的临床治疗方案和血压达标率。方法本研究为回顾性横断面研究。对204例成年慢性肾脏病患者在肾病专科门诊至少随访6个月后,于观察期内以末次就诊时的血压达标率和用药方案与其在首诊时血压控制情况和用药方案加以比较。结果末次就诊时,超过70%的患者使用了血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）或血管紧张素受体Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（ARB）,其次是钙通道阻滞剂（CCB）（51.96%）和利尿药（19.12%）。单药治疗方案中最常用的降血压药是ACEI或ARB,近50%的患者接受2药或3药联合治疗。治疗结果显示,只有31.86%的CKD患者血压达标（〈130/80mmHg）,收缩压（SBP）比舒张压（DBP）更难控制。单药和多药治疗的CKD患者血压达标率分别是39.64%和22.58%,（P〈0.01）,结论大多数的CKD患者血压未达标,所应用降血压药的临床治疗方案基本符合高血压治疗指南。需要继续优化治疗方案,正确联合用药,提高CKD患者的血压控制率。临床药师在协助医师,共同控制CKD患者血压方面将大有可为。     

A cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of apremilast in patients with psoriatic arthritis in Italy

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis, as well as a budget impact analysis, on the use of apremilast for the treatment of adult patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), within the Italian National Health Service (NHS).

Methods: A Markov state transition cohort model, which was adapted to the Italian context, was used to compare the costs of the currently available treatments and of the patients’ quality of life with two alternative treatment sequences, with or without apremilast as pre-biologic therapy. Moreover, a budget impact model was developed based on the population of patients treated for PsA in Italy, who can be eligible for treatment with apremilast. The eligible population was represented by adult patients with PsA who had an inadequate response to or were intolerant to previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), for the approved indication, and for the treatment studied in the economic analytic model.

Results: This cost-effectiveness analysis estimated that the strategy of using apremilast before biologic therapy is cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €32,263.00 per QALY gained which is slightly over the normal threshold found in other Italian economic studies, which usually considers a 40-year-period. Conversely, the budget impact analysis was conducted over 3?years, and it led to an estimated annual saving of €1.6 million, €4.6 million and €5.5 million in the first, second and third year of apremilast commercialization, respectively, for a total saving of €11.75 million in 3?years.

Limitations: Limitations of this analysis include the absence of head-to-head trials comparing therapies included in the economic model, the lack of comparative long-term data on treatment efficacy, and the assumption of complete independence between the considered response rates to therapy.

Conclusion: The use of apremilast as a first option before the use of biologic agents may represent a cost-effective treatment strategy for patients with PsA who fail to respond to, or are intolerant to, previous DMARD therapy. In addition, based on a budget impact perspective, the use of apremilast may lead to cost savings to the Italian healthcare system.     

Revenge buying: The role of negative emotions caused by lockdowns

With the stabilizing of COVID-19 and the lessening of isolation measures, the consumption market is gradually recovering. Consumers exhibit a tendency to compensate for the previous pent-up demand, triggering the phenomenon of revenge spending. Nevertheless, research on revenge buying during the pandemic has been limited thus far. Moreover, the role of negative emotions and retail therapy has not been well explored. Therefore, drawing from retail therapy theory and the stimulus-organism-response framework, this study aims to investigate how negative emotions, physiological motivations, and self-seeking stimulate consumers to form positive perceptions that revenge buying can provide therapeutic utilities, and consequently choose revenge buying. Empirical data were collected from China. The structural equation modelling results reveal that anxiety, boredom, self-seeking, and psychological motivation have a positive influence on therapeutic shopping motivation, therapeutic shopping value and therapeutic shopping outcome, which subsequently influence revenge buying behavior. The theoretical model provides a novel perspective to research revenge buying. Additionally, the results provide managerial implications for consumer, retailers, and policymakers to make preparedness for revenge buying in future health crises.