解除受托责任:现阶段我国会计目标的定位

会计目标是会计理论的重要组成部分，决策有用观和受托责任观是长期以来在西方发达国家具有统治地位的两大学派。我国对会计目标的研究较薄弱，根据对两大学派的分析和中国的实际．我国的会计目标应定位于受托责任观。     

论会计信息生产社会化下的会计目标

会计目标的确定和实现依赖于会计信息生产方式的效率。探讨科学、制衡的会计信息生产方式，是研究会计目标的基础。以“会计主体”为第一假设前提的会计信息生产个体化机制存在诸多弊病，限制了会计信息作用的有效发挥，使得既定的会计目标难以实现。因此应在研究会计信息生产社会化模式的基础上，将会计目标定位为“充分反映已验证的、可分级选择的会计信息”。     

基于模糊多准则群决策的可持续项目选择模型

将模糊多准则群决策方法应用于可持续项目的选择决策中。首先构建可持续项目选择框架,包括投资的经济、社会和环境影响以及战略联盟、组织准备和投资风险六个评价准则。由于该框架的准则权重很难通过一组决策者不一致的偏好而确定,所以,运用乘法偏好关系和模糊偏好关系收集决策者对准则权重的偏好,利用目标规划方法进行建模并确定各个准则的相对权重;然后用模糊TOPSIS方法评估投资机会的适合程度。TOPSIS方法是基于偏好比率的一种决策方法,其中偏好比率运用于模糊数排序和模糊距离测量,可以有效地计算出每个备选方案与理想方案的模糊距离,从而根据距离判断其亲密系数,并最终应用于最佳方案的抉择。最后,以某投资集团的可持续投资项目选择问题为例进行分析,验证了方法的有效性和可行性。     

Goal Setting,Information, and Goal Revision: A Field Experiment

People typically set goals in settings where they cannot be sure of how they will perform, but where their performance is revealed to them in parts over time. When part of the uncertainty is resolved, initial goals may have turned out to be unrealistic and hence they no longer work as a motivation device. Revising goals may increase performance by making goals realistic, but may also adversely affect performance through reduced goal commitment. We study the effects of motivating university students to set goals and inviting them to revise their goals later, using a field experiment involving nearly 2,100 students. We use courses containing two midterms and a final exam, where midterms reduce uncertainty about students’ potential performance. We find that motivating students to set goals does not affect performance on average. Students with midterm grades lower than their goal, decrease their performance. This effect is driven by students who were motivated to set goals without being made aware that they can revise their goals later. This finding may help explain why the evidence of the effectiveness of goals on study performance is mixed.     

Parametrizing nonparametric translog models: A goal programming/constrained regression study of U.S. manufacturing

This paper demonstrates how Goal Programming/Constrained Regression can be used for cross-checking results from standard econometric models as well as a stand alone methodology in empirical production analysis. For illustration, we re-examine Berndt and Wood's (BW) seminal study of the U.S. manufacturing industry. Whereas energy and capital were found to be complements in BW's study, we found them to be substitutes. First version received: September 1996/final version received: September 1997     

瞬变电磁法在矿井防治水中的应用

本文主要阐述了瞬变电磁法(TEM)在探测神华乌海能源有限责任公司老石旦煤矿采空区积水中的应用,利用对含水体敏感、分辨率高的瞬变电磁法,根据该地区物性地质条件,探测测区内采空区积水范围及煤系地层的含水情况,为矿井防治水工作的合理实施提供参考依据。     

Optimization of the facility location-allocation problem in a customer-driven supply chain

This paper develops and applies an integrated multiple criteria decision making approach to optimize the facility location-allocation problem in the contemporary customer-driven supply chain. Unlike the traditional optimization techniques, the proposed approach, combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the goal programming (GP) model, considers both quantitative and qualitative factors, and also aims at maximizing the benefits of deliverer and customers. In the integrated approach, the AHP is used first to determine the relative importance weightings or priorities of alternative locations with respect to both deliverer oriented and customer oriented criteria. Then, the GP model, incorporating the constraints of system, resource, and AHP priority is formulated to select the best locations for setting up the warehouses without exceeding the limited available resources. In this paper, a real case study is used to demonstrate how the integrated approach can be applied to deal with the facility location-allocation problem, and it is proved that the integrated approach outperforms the traditional cost-based approach.     

Collaboration expectation gaps,transparency and integrated NPD performance: A multi-case study

This paper explores the implications of what happens when a buying firm's desired and realized levels of collaboration differ in the context of an integrated new product development (NPD) project. Using analysis of six case studies, we observe varying levels of such collaboration expectation gaps (CEG) and conclude that these gaps can impact NPD project performance. In addition, collaboration transparency is established when a firm and its partner firm comprehend the factors (benefits, risks, costs) that motivate collaboration between them. We observe that the presence of collaboration transparency impacts the emergence of CEG across the phases of an NPD project. These findings extend existing theory on buyer-supplier relationships in NPD projects and introduce CEG and collaboration transparency as important concepts in understanding improved collaboration performance.     

Six Sigma: The role of goals in improvement teams

The tenets of goal theory have been well established as a motivation mechanism in the management literature. However, some quality-management advocates, such as W. Edwards Deming, often criticize the use of goals. This research investigates the tension between goals and quality management in the Six Sigma context. We find empirical support that goals can be effective in Six Sigma improvement teams when teams adhere to the Six Sigma tools and method. However, challenging goals are counterproductive when Six Sigma teams do not use the tools and methods rigorously. This research reconciles the differences between quality management and goal theory by showing that the Six Sigma tools and method interact with goals.     

Entrepreneurial logics for a technology of foolishness

Several years ago Professor March pointed out that rational choice involves two guesses, a guess about uncertain future consequences and a guess about uncertain future preferences, and called for the development of a technology of foolishness to complement the technologies of intelligence that have been developed to improve the first guess. In this essay we use empirical data from two separate studies of entrepreneurial expertise, one involving the creation of new ventures and the other the birth of a new industry to identify three logics that constitute working elements of a technology of foolishness: (1) the logic of identity, as opposed to the logic of preferences; (2) the logic of action, as opposed to the logic of belief; and (3) the logic of commitment, as opposed to the logic of transaction.