国家规则构建与社员意识演化的互动周期假说——以农信社制度变迁为例

目前制度变迁研究主要沿着两条主线展开:一是诺斯以意识为核心的非正式规则演化路线,二是林毅夫的国家规则构建路线,两条主线都忽略了意识演化与规则构建之间关系的研究。文章以农信社制度变迁为例,认为集体主义精神的农户抛弃以集体主义为基础的合作金融是一个集体主义悖论,而从农信社这一制度安排的变迁历史,及其所处的制度结构——农村经济体制的变迁历史中演化而来的社员集体主义恐惧意识,给该悖论提供了一个合理的解释。文章对集体主义恐惧意识进行深层分析后,提出国家规则构建与社员意识演化的互动周期假说。最后强调转轨国家在规则构建时,应充分重视社员意识的导向作用,并且提出了一些展望。     

Immiserizing Growth and the Metzler Paradox in the Ricardian Model

Conditions for the occurrence of immiserizing growth and the Metzler paradox are analysed in the Ricardian model when consumers in the foreign country have Leontief preferences while consumers in the home country have Cobb-Douglas preferences. By using specific functional forms, the conditions for the occurrence of the two paradoxes are defined in terms of the exogenous parameters of the model rather than endogenous variables such as the foreign import demand elasticity in the conditions of Bhagwati (1958) Bhagwati, J. N. 1958. Immiserizing growth: a geometrical note. Review of Economic Studies, 25: 201–205. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and Metzler (1949a Metzler, L. A. 1949a. Tariffs, the terms of trade and the distribution of national income. Journal of Political Economy, 57: 1–29. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], b Metzler, L. A. 1949b. Tariffs, international demand, and domestic prices. Journal of Political Economy, 57: 345–351. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). It is shown that the simultaneous occurrence of both paradoxical results is possible for some parameter values.     

神圣与世俗：宗教圣地旅游度假区定位的一个悖论---以福建莆田湄洲岛为例

以妈祖朝圣地——福建莆扭湄洲岛为案椤蛩地,通过问卷调查、参与观察和深度访谈等方法,比较了朝圣与度假、朝圣地与度假地等概念的肉涵及其本质区射,考察了湄洲岛旅游者行为特征及其地方感知差异。研究结果表明：妈祖朝圣地的朝圣旅游者多为专程朝圣、祭拜而来,并无旅游度假的需求和目的,将具有世界性影响的妈祖圣地定位为旅游度假区显然是一个悖论．因此．本案例对国内宗教圣地旅游发展定位具有一定的参考价值。     

转型时期农民专业合作社的成长机制研究

作为"弱者"的小农通过联合来维护其自身利益是农民专业合作社发展的初衷,然而,实践中绝大多数农民专业合作社的形成和发展主要依赖于生产和运销大户、农村基层组织、供销合作社和龙头企业等少数处于相对"强势"地位的非小农群体,这是转型时期农民专业合作社在成长过程中面临的一个现实"悖论".借鉴博弈论的分析方法,对农民专业合作社的形成过程进行系统分析,以揭示其成长的内在机理.     

公众参与环保行为中的性别“悖论”

现阶段我国公众环保行为存在明显的性别"悖论",即女性参与环保行为并不比男性突出,与国内际主流观点不一致。剔除掉同质因素外,其原因并不是由于妇女家庭责任的减少,也不是其感性倾向的异化,而是妇女通过学校教育和电视媒体等社会教育渠道获得的专业环保知识较少,进而降低其环保意识,迟滞其环保行为。文章最后提出了提升妇女参与环保行为的对策建议。     

Constitutive Effects of Performance Indicators: Getting beyond unintended consequences

The idea that performance indicators in public management have unintended consequences is almost as old as performance measurement itself. But, is ‘unintended consequences’ an appropriate and insightful idea? The very term rests on an identification of intentions and assumptions about validity that are demonstrably problematic. Based on a distinction between trivial and advanced measure fixation, an argument is made for constitutive effects that are based on less problematic assumptions. Through this conceptual move, the political dimension of performance indicators is appreciated. The conceptual dimensions of constitutive effects are carved out, empirical illustrations of their applicability are offered and implications discussed.     

Managing Cultural Diversity in Collaborations: A focus on management tensions

Abstract

This article explores the management of cultural diversity in public and not-for-profit collaborations spanning organizational, professional and national boundaries. Through the framing of a culture paradox, it identifies three interrelated tensions pertaining to the management of cultural diversity towards collaborative advantage. These tensions address: interactions between organizations within a collaboration; interactions between individual actors and their orientation towards the collaboration and their host organization; and the quantity and extent of cultural diversity within a collaboration. The culture paradox and its inherent management tensions provide theoretical and practical conceptualizations that are relevant to management and governance of collaboration.     

Voting Paradoxes and MCDM

Many, if not most, problems in group decision making can be translated into MCDM problems by substituting criteria for voters. Yet, there has been very little discussion about the implications of various types of voting paradoxes to MCDM. The classic voting paradoxes, viz. Borda's and Condorcet's, have obvious implications for certain MCDM situations. The latter implies that the notion of the best alternative, given a set of criteria and information about the ordinal ranking of the alternatives on those criteria, can be essentially arbitrary. The former, in turn, demonstrates a particularly clear case of conflict between reasonable intuitions. Completely unexplored are implications of compound majority paradoxes to MCDM. The paper deals with Ostrogorski's and Anscombe's paradoxes which result from non-bisymmetry and non-associativity of the majority relation. Moreover, we shall discuss the implications of paradox of multiple elections which is a situation where the result of multiple-item election may be a policy alternative that nobody voted for.     

Political entrepreneurship,emergent dynamics,and constitutional politics

Constitutional political economy mostly distinguishes between rules and actions, with rules selected prior to actions within those rules. While we accept the coherence of this distinction, we pursue it within an open rather than closed scheme of analysis. Doing this entails recognition that societies rarely exhibit universal agreement about constitutional provisions. Recognizing the incomplete character of constitutional agreement points to the existence of margins of contestation. Along those margins, political entrepreneurship will be active in promoting support for alternative constitutional interpretations. Within open systems of creative and entrepreneurial action, constitutional reinterpretation is continually injected into society. Acquiescence in the presence of power does not imply agreement about its use. Rather, acquiescence means the constitutional contestation becomes an element of ordinary politics and not an activity that is prior to ordinary politics. It also means that emergent dynamics supplements comparative statics as a method of analysis.     

Managing privacy paradox through national culture: Reshaping online retailing strategy

Data privacy is a threat to the future of e-commerce. Consumers face a dilemma in balancing the risks and benefits associated with online privacy, leading to a phenomenon termed the privacy paradox. The study interviewed 30 Millennials representing 13 countries using a grounded theory approach to explore the influence of national culture on the information disclosure attitude in the context of online retailing. The study presents a novel framework, Privacy Paradox Pyramid, to manage the privacy paradox through the lens of national culture, enabling retailers to segment the customers and design a tailored approach to create a competitive advantage.