政府创新投入可以促进市场创新投入吗——基于我国内地63所教育部直属高校科技创新数据的实证研究

高校是我国重要的创新研发主体,高校经费主要来源于政府和市场,这两种异质性研发创新投入关系值得关注。选取2005-2018年我国内地63所教育部直属高校科技创新数据,采用面板VAR模型和个体固定效应模型,从动态和静态两个方面对高校科技创新投入中政府创新投入与市场创新投入的关系进行实证检验。结果发现,在高校科技创新活动中,政府创新投入对市场创新投入存在积极影响,这种促进作用存在两期左右的滞后期,且只在短期内显著;从长期看,政府投入对市场投入的促进作用不显著。     

How local leaders matter: Inter-provincial leadership transfers and land transactions in China

We study how local leaders matter for economic growth by examining the impacts of exogenous transfers of leaders across China’s provinces on land transactions in the primary market. We find that new provincial leaders attract investment in industrial land from the provinces of their previous positions. The leaders’ impacts are greater when their freedom to deploy their business connections in the land market is greater. More importantly, we find evidence of positive impacts of land transactions on economic growth, which should bode well for the careers of the local leaders, albeit there is some evidence of rent seeking among officials especially when they are too old for further promotion.     

工作要求与创新工作行为关系的研究

员工创新工作行为是员工有效完成工作任务和目标,达到组织既定工作标准的有效途径,对组织的生存与发展具有重要作用。本文基于工作要求一工作控制模型与社会交换理论,探讨在中国情号下,工作要求、员工感知的组织支持与创新工作行为的关系。通过296个有效样本,研究结果表明：工作要求与创新工作行为显著正相关;员工感知的组织支持对工作要求与创新工作行为具有正向调节作用,在工作要求压力下,相对于感知到较低组织支持的员工,感知到较高组织支持的员工更容易产生创新工作行为,并基于中国本土文化的角度分析其内在原因。研究告诉企业领导者,提高工作要求可以提高员工创新工作行为,同时要提高员工对组织支持的感知,这样才可能使员工在面临高强度的工作要求时,更积极主动地开展创新工作行为,提高工作效率和工作绩效。     

实施节能减排的地方政府行为研究

在我国由中央政府主导的节能减排模式下,地方政府的经济行为成为影响节能减排成效的关键因素。本文首先构建了理论模型,然后运用聚类分析法和因子分析法,研究地方政府在实施节能减排中的经济行为。研究表明:地方政府节能减排动力和能力不足。在实施节能减排过程中,地方政府主要将工作重点放在经济发展、工业污染治理项目建设、能源消耗、工业三废的治理等方面,对节能减排的投资力度和影响居民生活的方面重视不够。现行财权事权不对称的财政体制和政绩考核机制是地方政府实施节能减排的主要制度性障碍,因此,要建立节能减排的长效机制,必须进行相应的制度改革。     

高校推进学习型党组织建设的若干思考

高校学习型党组织建设是知识经济时代发展的必然要求,是高等教育自身改革与发展的需要,是提升广大党员领导干部理论素养的需要,是教育理念与教育方法创新的需要。高校必须树立终身学习的理念,保持自身发展目标与党组织建设目标的一致性;必须深化教育教学改革,建立符合师生特点和需要的学习机制。     

高等学校预算管理中的预算松弛问题研究

预算管理作为高等学校内部管理的重要组成部分,越来越受到人们的重视。然而预算管理在高等学校普遍认同并加以实施的过程中,其效果并非尽如人意,还存在许多问题。预算松弛问题就是高等学校预算管理中的一个主要问题,它是高等学校预算管理中的一种常见现象。预算松弛的存在对高等学校的预算管理既有积极的一面,也有负面的影响,预算松弛积极作用得以发挥的前提是其在量上必须有度,对预算松弛进行控制是十分必要的。通过对高等学校预算管理过程中预算松弛及其影响因素的分析,提出加强高等学校预算管理,减少预算松弛的对策探讨。     

高校协作型财务预算管理

高校预算编制的类型有汇总型预算、分块型预算、自下而上型预算、自上而下型预算、协作型预算等方式,实施协作型预算管理的要点主要包括预算编制方法、预算编制程序、预算编制沟通、预算金额确定、预算公平透明、预算控制管理、预算执行进度、预算考核评价等,必须环环相扣,才能达到预算管理的目的。     

The economic and environmental performances of rural districts in Italy: Are competitiveness and sustainability compatible targets?

This paper analyses the economic performances of the rural system and the level of land sensitivity to degradation in Italy. Three indicators (district value added, share of agriculture on total product, and a composite index of land sensitivity) were used to classify 784 Italian local districts into eight performance classes. Four classes share a combination of high environmental quality (in terms of land degradation), high (or low) economic performances, and high (or low) productivity of the primary sector. The remaining four are characterised by a combination of low (and declining) environmental quality, high (or low) economic performances, and high (or low) productivity of the primary sector. The eight classes were grouped into four ‘environmental quality’ types and four ‘target performance’ categories to discriminate among high- and low-performance districts by considering twelve additional variables within a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). 148 high environmental performance districts (18% of total) were identified mainly across the Alps and Apennine while 314 districts (41%) were classified in the lowest performance class and concentrated in flat areas of southern Italy. The districts with high environmental performances were characterised, on average, by medium to low district value added, moderately low economic weight of the primary sector, and tourism specialisation. Districts with high economic performances and low environmental performances were characterised by high sensitivity to LD, low district value added, high share of agriculture in total product, and the lowest productivity of labour in all economic sectors. In these districts the risk of entering a downward spiral of rural poverty and environmental degradation is potentially high.     

消减城乡公共产品供给差异的策略——基于政治支持差异假设的探视

本文认为导致城乡公共产品供给差异的根本原因是地方政府官员根据不同主体能够给予的政治支持做出的理性选择。文章强调了政治支持差异对地方官员行为的影响,并把上级政府、城市居民和农村居民的政治支持纳入一个统一的分析框架,分析了地方官员从不同主体获得的政治支持权重大小顺序,给出了其最优策略的均衡条件。如果要实现基本公共产品均等化目标,则需优化政治支持结构。     

Hub location problems in transportation networks

In this paper we propose a 4-index formulation for the uncapacitated multiple allocation hub location problem tailored for urban transport and liner shipping network design. This formulation is very tight and most of the tractable instances for MIP solvers are optimally solvable at the root node. While the existing state-of-the-art MIP solvers fail to solve even small size instances of problem, our accelerated and efficient primal (Benders) decomposition solves larger ones. In addition, a very efficient greedy heuristic, proven to be capable of obtaining high quality solutions, is proposed. We also introduce fixed cost values for Australian Post (AP) dataset.