Disruptive Innovation in the Nordic Countries＇ Healthcare Systems

The Nordic healtheare model is recognized to be one of the most innovative in the world. Here billions of USD are annually invested in developing new treatments, drugs, robots etc. to diagnose and cure diseases. Nevertheless, this study establishes that there is a fundamental shortcoming in the system that supports healthcare innovation： It is strongly biased towards micro-level innovation projects focusing on new products, alternative processes, and new financial solutions. The problem with this approach to support new projects is that the results are created as inventions within the system thus lacking holistic perspectives. This has consequently contributed with increasing costs that are out of proportion with existing budgets. Therefore this study seeks to analyze the current understanding of the Nordic healthcare system from a business model perspective. Here other aspects of the healthcare system are explored to determine if they could be redesigned to promote new types of innovation projects. The purpose of undertaking this task is to challenge the established patterns of the current healthcare innovation support practices. Here the vertical innovation process （VIP） framework, which is a systematic radical innovation model that seeks macro-level outcomes based on standalone inventions （see more below）, is applied to analyze the current state-of-the-art in Nordic healthcare innovation projects. The results determine that very little attention is given to rethink and redesign the healthcare system at a macro-level, and it is discussed that stand-alone inventions ought to be rethought into the entire healthcare system to create a larger impact. Finally, it is argued that existing performance measures are inappropriate to foster projects that innovate the existing system： New measuring points should be developed to promote macro-level projects and to avoid the current rapid increase of costs in the Nordic healthcare system.     

人力资本培养与经济增长:来自中国的证据检验

利用1952～2009年时间序列数据,实证分析了中国人力资本培养与经济增长之间的关系。根据单位根检验、协整检验以及VAR模型估计等经验分析,结果发现,中国经济增长与人力资本培养各自的独立性较强,转变经济增长模式需要人力资本培养的密切配合。当期人均实际GDP增长率提高1%的话,下期人力资本增长率会降低2.26%,即人均实际GDP增长速度的波动对人力资本增量的变化有明显作用。政策上看,应早日建立市场主导式人力资本培养模式,增加人力资本培养主体的灵活性,从而更好地满足经济增长对要素投入的需求。     

The Determinants Of The Adoption Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

The paper investigates empirically the decision of firms to adopt ‘Advanced Manufacturing Technologies’ (AMT) based on a comprehensive specification of a ‘rank model’ of technology adoption using firm-level data for Swiss manufacturing. The explanatory variables include numerous dimensions of (anticipated) benefits from and costs of technology adoption allowing for uncertainty as well as for information and adjustment costs. Moreover, the effect of complementarities between various functional groups of AMT (design, fabrication, communication, etc.) as well as of learning from the use of previous technology vintages within such functional groups is analyzed, Finally, the size-dependence of the adoption decision is studied in detail. The model yields a quite robust pattern of explanation across estimates with different adoption variables (time period of introduction of AMT, intensity of use of AMT, etc.) with plausible differences of the results based on the alternative adoption measures used.     

应用系统理论模型分析社会管理的均衡点——以广西贺州为例

许多发达的国家和地区运用系统理论及系统模型方法构造出经济、科技、社会协调发展模式,并设计出相应的战略对策,在实际应用中收到满意的经济效益、社会效益,甚至是政治效益。应用系统理论及其系统模型方法分析研究社会管理的综合均衡问题,是一个颇具价值的课题。     

我国服务业增加值的核算问题

本文集中讨论我国服务业增加值估算中存在的问题。由于历史原因和服务业本身的一些特点 ,我国现价服务业增加值被严重地低估了 ,服务业增长率计算也可能存在着偏差。对服务业增加值的以往研究均受到基础数据的限制而未能根本地解决这些问题。服务业统计核算的缺陷严重地阻碍着经济分析和经济决策。因此 ,改善我国服务业统计核算是当务之急。从长远的角度来说 ,服务业增加值核算的改善在很大程度上取决于统计调查的完善。但是 ,在现有的条件下 ,仍然有很大的改善余地。     

可标准化服务行业对服务业发展的影响——基于两部门模型的分析

从理论上探讨了标准化促进服务业发展的内在机制。构建了两部门模型,分析了可标准化服务部门对服务业发展的影响。利用2003—2012年中国服务业的省际数据,运用面板模型对可标准化服务部门的溢出效应进行了估算,利用DEA方法对服务业各行业的全要素生产率进行了测算和分解。结果表明:可标准化服务部门要素的边际产出高于不可标准化服务部门,发展可标准化服务部门有利于服务业增长;可标准化服务行业对不可标准化服务行业的溢出效应为负,原因在于可标准化服务行业的全要素生产率较低,因此在当前发展阶段需要进一步对可标准化服务行业内部进行优化整合。     

Environmental Valuation with Imperfect Information The Case of the Random Utility Model

This paper considers welfare analysis with therandom utility model (RUM) when perceptions ofenvironmental quality differ from objectivemeasures of environmental quality. Environmental quality is assumed to be anexperience good, so that while perceptions ofquality determine choices, ex postutility is determined by objective quality. Given this assumption, I derive a measure ofthe welfare impact of changes in environmentalquality, and I show how this new welfaremeasure differs from the traditional welfaremeasure developed by Hanemann (1982). This newwelfare measure provides an approach tomeasuring the value of information aboutenvironmental quality within the framework ofthe random utility model.     

Natural resources, capital accumulation and the resource curse

Early concern by economists for the effect of natural capital on economic growth gave way to complacency and neglect during the nineteenth century. Evidence has emerged, however, that since the 1960s the economic performance of low-income countries has been inversely related to their natural resource wealth. This relationship is not a deterministic one so policy counts. SEEA can help improve the policy and performance of resource-abundant low-income countries by reinforcing the rationale for the sound management of natural resources and also by providing an index of policy sustainability in the form of the net saving rate. This policy index, along with other measures such as a capital fund for sterilizing the rent, initiatives to increase the transparency of rent flows and the rigorous evaluation of alternative uses of additional public sector revenue can improve the efficiency by which natural resource rent is transformed into alternative forms of capital to sustain rising social welfare. Chad and Mauritania provide case studies to illustrate how SEEA and net saving can be used to diagnose policy failure and improve economic performance.     

基于三阶段DEA模型的中国城市效率研究

使用三阶段DEA模型,在排除外部环境条件和随机误差影响的情况下,对2001—2007年中国266个地级及以上城市的效率进行了评价,并探讨了中国城市效率的环境响应机制。结果显示:中国城市效率受城市空间格局、区位条件、政府竞争环境、人口环境和历史条件等外部环境条件以及随机误差的影响;具体而言,外部城市影响程度强或区位条件较好有助于降低城市要素投入的冗余水平;政府竞争环境较激烈或历史发展条件较优越会促使城市要素投入冗余水平提高;人口环境对城市各类要素投入的影响存在显著差异。     

山东省区域经济差异研究

将山东省划分为东、中、西三大经济区域,分析了1995-2011年山东省三大区域经济的三大产业、GDP以及泰尔指数,将定量和定性分析方法相结合来评价山东省三大区域的经济差异现状。结果显示：山东省三大区域的经济差异在逐年扩大后趋于平稳,区域间差距比区域内部差距的扩大速度更快是造成区域差异大的主要原因。并在此基础上提出相关建议：对经济差异的调控应以缩小区域间的差异为重点;同时,加强各区域经济中心的建设,更好地发挥经济中心对周围各区县的辐射效应和带动作用等。