The theory and practice of performance measurement

This paper builds on principles and techniques developed in measurement science, as currently understood in physical sciences and engineering, to improve the theory and practice of performance measurement. To do so, it firstly discusses three fundamental positions on measurement, characterized as metaphysical, anti-metaphysical and relativistic. Subsequently, it lays the foundations of a pragmatic epistemology of measurement in both physical and social sciences. Finally, these insights are integrated through the examination of possible advances in both the theory and practice of performance measurement in organizations.     

Is heterogeneous capital depreciation important for estimating firm-level productivity? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms

This paper contributes to the existing literature on estimating firm-level production functions. Using Chinese manufacturing survey data, we employ the firm-level heterogeneous capital depreciation rate to measure firms’ investment and assess its role using Olley and Pakes (1996) (OP) production function estimation technique. Although there is some ongoing debate on the econometric soundness of the OP technique, we argue quantitatively that the heterogeneous depreciation rate muffles the measurement error associated with the key input demand investment. In our sample, it significantly narrows the gap of total factor productivity (TFP) estimates between the OP technique and a state-of-the-art estimation method that works without investment. We further reveal that the improved performance primarily originates from the dynamic evolution in the distribution of the capital depreciation rate.     

宏观流动性的测度、波动及其对资产价格的影响

本文对不同层次的流动性概念进行了阐述,并在此基础上着重探讨了宏观流动性的有关问题,同时通过理论分析及实证检验得出以下结论:宏观流动性的波动总体上取决于货币政策的取向和力度;但也可能在外部冲击下短期内发生剧烈波动。宏观流动性状况对资产价格具有一定作用,但实际影响取决于多种因素。     

区域创新系统温度测度研究

根据社会燃烧理论,温度是衡量系统有序程度的可靠指标,也是系统衰退的决定性因素。基于社会燃烧理论设计了区域创新系统温度测度指标,并根据热力学基本理论构建了系统温度测度模型,测度了中国内地31个省市自治区2009-2013年区域创新系统温度,并将其划分为低、中、高3个温区。结果显示,区域创新系统温度值存在,且不同区域温度值不尽相同;RIS温度值越高,发生衰退的可能性越大;不同区域创新系统引起温度上升的矛盾不同。在此基础上,提出了消除矛盾、降低区域创新系统温度的对策建议。     

采用复合学习时间的复杂任务知识量测度

在总结知识量测度4类研究的基础上,指出其知识量计量原理对知识量测度结果影响的效度、信度与可比性。进而,依据知识方程和发生认识论描述了采用复合学习时间进行知识量（难度）测量的计量原理。然后,基于知识表达系统构建了知识量测度模型,探讨了有别于传统知识量测度的方法。最后,结合任务知识量测度进行了算例说明。     

Structural measurement errors in nonseparable models

This paper considers measurement error from a new perspective. In surveys, response errors are often caused by the fact that respondents recall past events and quantities imperfectly. We explore the consequences of limited recall for the identification of marginal effects. Our identification approach is entirely nonparametric, using Matzkin-type nonseparable models that nest a large class of potential structural models. We show that measurement error due to limited recall will generally exhibit nonstandard behavior, in particular be nonclassical and differential, even for left-hand side variables in linear models. We establish that information reduction by individuals is the critical issue for the severity of recall measurement error. In order to detect information reduction, we propose a nonparametric test statistic. Finally, we propose bounds to address identification problems resulting from recall errors. We illustrate our theoretical findings using real-world data on food consumption.     

双元性理论视阈中技术学习的双因素测度模型研究

基于双元性理论对组织技术学习过程进行研究,突破传统学习曲线的单因素局限,从挖掘性学习与探索性学习两个维度,构建双因素测度模型。综合测度组织技术学习率,反映技术学习的两个子过程对组织资源的获取和利用,同时为组织双元性技术创新路径的平衡协调提供依据。     

Cognitive complexity implications for research on sustainable competitive advantage

Cognitive complexity of top managers gains increasing attention in the management field. Performance implication of cognitive complexity is an important one. This article clarifies several of the original points to reply to Huang's commentary. In particular, we comment on some issues of testability and measurement of cognitive complexity and internal/external related dimensions.     

Testing measurement invariance using multigroup CFA: differences between educational groups in human values measurement

This article applies the testing procedures for measurement invariance using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). It illustrates these procedures by investigating the factorial structure and invariance of the Portraits Value Questionnaire (PVQ, Schwartz et al.: J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 32(5), 519–542 (2001)) across three education groups in a population sample (N  =  1,677). The PVQ measures 10 basic values that Schwartz postulates to comprehensively describe the human values recognized in all societies (achievement, hedonism, self-direction, benevolence, conformity, security, stimulation, power, tradition and universalism). We also estimate and compare the latent means of the three education groups. The analyses show partial invariance for most of the 10 values and parameters. As expected, the latent means show that less educated respondents attribute more importance to security, tradition, and conformity values.     

人民币离岸债券信用风险实证评估研究

近年来,人民币离岸债券市场发展迅速,其已成为发展最为成熟的人民币离岸子市场。目前,信用风险是人民币离岸债券面临的主要风险。本文以香港人民币离岸债券市场为例,运用KMV模型对人民币离岸债券信用风险进行了实证评估,观察和比较了不同主体发行的债券信用风险,分析了现阶段人民币离岸债券信用风险程度。