The conjoint community resiliency assessment measure as a baseline for profiling and predicting community resilience for emergencies

Community resilience is a term that describes the community's ability to function amidst crises or disruptions. Community resilience is perceived as a fundamental element in emergency preparedness and as a mean of ensuring social stability in the face of crises, including disasters. However, there is a paucity of empiric evidence for this conjecture. This paper demonstrates the use of the Conjoint Community Resilience Assessment Measurement (CCRAM) for estimating the ability of a community to be resilient in the face of disaster. Six factors of community resilience were identified based on a study conducted in nine small to medium size towns (N = 886): Leadership, collective efficacy, preparedness, place attachment, social trust and social relationship. Multiple logistic regressions yielded the CCRAM protective factors for perceived community resilience. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed the quality of the CCRAM as a diagnostic tool for perceived community resilience. The CCRAM tool is presented as a potential provider of information for authorities and decision makers as an aid for foreseeing and planning towards the challenges present during emergency times.     

Avoiding a “me” versus “we” dilemma: Using performance management to turn teams into a source of competitive advantage

Teams are pervasive in today's world of work. Unfortunately, in many cases teams do not live up to their promise and, instead, lead to disappointing results. In this installation of Human Performance, we discuss how to design and implement performance management systems that include a good combination of both “me” and “we” considerations. We offer the following research-based recommendations: (1) use measures of individual and team performance, (2) use measures of processes and outcomes, (3) develop performance measures using input from inside and outside the team, (4) gather performance information using sources from inside and outside the team, (5) foster team learning and development, and (6) reward both individual and team performance. We discuss implementation guidelines for each of these recommendations that will help maximize individual and team performance as well as alignment among individual, team, and organizational goals. Implementing performance management systems following our recommendations will help organizations turn teams into an inimitable and sustainable source of competitive human capital advantage.     

The effect of reporting errors on the cross-country relationship between inequality and crime

This paper analyzes reporting errors in crime data to see how they impact econometric estimates, particularly of the key relationship between inequality and crime. Criminal victimization surveys of 140,000 respondents in 37 industrial, transition and developing countries are used. Comparing the crimes experienced by these respondents with those reported to the police, non-random and mean-reverting errors are apparent. Time-varying factors affect the propensity of victims to report crimes to the police, undermining the use of country-specific fixed effects as a means of dealing with measurement error in official crime data. These errors substantially attenuate both cross-sectional and panel estimates of the partial correlation between inequality and crime.     

Assessing response styles across modes of data collection

Cross-mode surveys are on the rise. The current study compares levels of response styles across three modes of data collection: paper-and-pencil questionnaires, telephone interviews, and online questionnaires. The authors make the comparison in terms of acquiescence, disacquiescence, and extreme and midpoint response styles. To do this, they propose a new method, namely, the representative indicators response style means and covariance structure (RIRSMACS) method. This method contributes to the literature in important ways. First, it offers a simultaneous operationalization of multiple response styles. The model accounts for dependencies among response style indicators due to their reliance on common item sets. Second, it accounts for random error in the response style measures. As a consequence, random error in response style measures is not passed on to corrected measures. The method can detect and correct cross-mode response style differences in cases where measurement invariance testing and multitrait multimethod designs are inadequate. The authors demonstrate and discuss the practical and theoretical advantages of the RIRSMACS approach over traditional methods. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

区域形象测量内容的研究综述

本文将区域形象理解为区域客观状况的存在方式,并从实体形象、投射形象与感知形象三个层面对区域形象的测量内容进行综述。区域实体形象的测量内容大多围绕区域的客观属性展开,从区域规划设计角度强调区域现实资源的竞争力;区域投射形象测量通过对信息源及信息的内容分析,将样本内容中出现的高频特征词作为测量内容,以体现区域在媒体世界中的形象;区域感知形象测量则从目标受众的认知与情感两个方面进行,明确目标受众对区域现状、特征的主观看法与态度倾向。     

我国东西部地区技术相似度测度与差异分析

采用标准的技术相似度测量方法,定量测度了我国东西部各省份间的技术相似度,发现西部与东部省份之间存在技术结构差异,与北京和上海的差距尤其显著。分别以与北京、上海的技术相似度为基准,对东西部省份进行排序,证实了我国各省份之间的技术结构和地理分布、经济水平类似,东西部也是具有明显差异的。并通过分析东部省份之间、西部省份之间以及东西部省份之间的技术相似度水平,以找出西部各省潜在的技术转移来源地。     

Advancing formative measurement models

Formative measurement models were first introduced in the literature more than forty years ago and the discussion about their methodological contribution has been increasing since the 1990s. However, the use of formative indicators for construct measurement in empirical studies is still scarce. This paper seeks to encourage the thoughtful application of formative models by (a) highlighting the potential consequences of measurement model misspecification, and (b) providing a state-of-the art review of key issues in the formative measurement literature. For the former purpose, this paper summarizes findings of empirical studies investigating the effects of measurement misspecification. For the latter purpose, the article merges contributions in the psychology, management, and marketing literatures to examine a variety of issues concerning the conceptualization, estimation, and validation of formative measurement models. Finally, the article offers some suggestions for future research on formative measurement.     

Confirmatory tetrad analysis in PLS path modeling

The authors propose a CTA-PLS assessment routine for measurement models. This routine applies confirmatory tetrad analysis (CTA) in a manner which is consistent with partial least squares (PLS) path modeling assumptions. The conceptualization employs a bootstrapping procedure to accomplish an appropriate statistical test examining vanishing tetrads in CTA-PLS. The approach allows distinguishing a formative indicator specification from a reflective indicator specification. Applications using experimental and empirical data demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of CTA-PLS. As a means of evaluating PLS path modeling results, the routine assists researchers in avoiding potentially unrepresentative consequences of measurement model misspecification.     

旋进旋涡流量计在埕岛油田的应用

介绍了坦岛油田伴生气体计量现状、旋进旋涡流量计的结构特点及工作原理,对旋进旋涡流量计两种压力损失的计算方法进行了对比,找出了适合于埕岛油田的计算公式。针对使用过程中存在的问题,以及几年来为提高计量精度所做的工作,提出了工作措施和建议。认为,在新建或改造计量装置时,应做到完善计量工艺流程,合理选择流量测量点;改善分离器及洗涤器的分离效果;定期进行标定,确保正常运行。     

测量不确定度估算中协方差的两类评定

论述了当测量不确定度评定中出现相同原因导致某些不确定度分量相关时,用Ａ类方法计算的实质,同时提出了采用Ｂ类方法的可能性,指明按系统效应导致的分量与随机效应导致的分量的大小比,用Ｂ类方法计算相关系数的具体步骤。给出了一般情况下的计算结果。