Organic farming policy networks in Europe: Context,actors and variation

Despite most having developed under the umbrella of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), national-level organic farming policy networks in Europe vary. The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons for this variation. Quantitative network analyses were carried out in five ‘old’ and five ‘new’ EU member states and in Switzerland. To examine the patterns of influence on these 11 policy networks, the cases are compared in two stages. First, we examine the factors co-varying with the size and density of the networks and then we apply a most similar system – most different outcome research design. We identify the political environment as the main factor affecting size and density of organic farming policy networks in Europe. The distribution of power between organic farming organizations and agricultural ministries is influenced by state involvement and by the resources available to organic farming policy actors.     

技术多元化、协作研发网络中心度与企业创新绩效

使用2005-2018年中国信息与通信技术领域（ICT）专利数据,运用社会网络分析方法与负二项回归模型,实证分析技术多元化与协作研发网络中心度对企业创新绩效的影响以及两者的交互作用。研究发现,技术多元化与协作研发网络中心度对企业创新绩效均存在正向影响,而两者的交互作用可以进一步促进企业创新绩效提升;中介中心度与技术多元化交互作用对企业创新绩效的促进效果最显著,且这种促进作用仅存在于技术多元化程度较高的企业中。因此,企业应采用技术多元化战略,主动选择中心度较高的网络位置,特别是占据网络成员联系最短路径。     

用时域谐波定标的数字语音编码

本文给出了一种以9.6Kb/s数据率实时工作的新的数字语音编码器.该系统由时域谐波定标(TDHS)及子频带编码(SBC)两种不同的语音压缩算法组成.阐述了TDHS的基本原理,简述了几种不同的音调检测方法.本文最后对用DSP硬件实时执行该系统的几种方式作了讨论.     

战斗识别与网络战述评

本文围绕"适应型政府职能"为核心,提出4方面的主题观点。第一,政府职能定位不是理论设计的结果,而是社会需要的产物。第二,中国政府职能转变事倍功半的原因:一是对社会需求的认识定位不准,二是心理期望失衡。第三,WTO对政府职能本来就有管与不管两个方向,这两者是辩证统一的。第四,对策设计思想是用梯度推进替代平行推进。     

Spatial–historical landscapes of telecommunication network survivability

Network security and survivability are critical components of the global telecommunication infrastructure. However, due to a string of recent events, including the attacks on the World Trade Center, the ability of this infrastructure to provide a robust platform for the movement of critical financial, political and cultural information is in doubt. In the United States, both law enforcement and national security agencies are questioning the fundamentals of network security and survivability. This resurgence of interest in telecommunication network performance (particularly the Internet) by the US government is not only cyclical in nature, but has a decidedly geographic component. The purpose of this paper is to trace the evolution of telecommunication network survivability from the Cold War era to the present day, paying particular attention to its spatial manifestations. This includes an extended examination of network topology and survivability. In addition, this paper utilizes basic statistical analysis and a geographic information system to empirically examine a series of legacy communication bunkers scattered throughout the US. Results suggest that their locations were not only strategic during the 1960s, but remain geographically strategic today.     

Mapping network champion behavior in B2B electronic venturing

This study examines the concept of a new venture, B2B e-market in the light of participants who are involved in its innovation and diffusion processes. Our assessment results in the development of two key working propositions. The first proposition attempts to explain the relationship of the participants in the network and their contribution to innovation and diffusion processes over time. The second proposition attempts to explain how network champions (NC) contribute by bringing suppliers and buyers together in an electronic marketplace over time. In particular, this research adds to the industrial marketing literature by applying a case research method that is particularly useful for operationalizing theory development in business-to-business environments.     

Making sense of network dynamics through network pictures: A longitudinal case study

There have been a number of attempts to describe and analyse networks and company positions in them and to help companies to manage or change their “network position” [ [H?kansson & Snehota, 1995] and [Ford et al., 2003]]. But most of these have confined their attention to a particular point in time or have looked at network evolution over a restricted time period, such as Lundgren (1995) [Lundgren, A. (1995) Technological Innovation and Network Evolution. Routledge, London and New York.] and Andersson (1996) [Andersson, Per (1996), The emergence and change of Pharmacia Biotech 1959-1995. The power of the slow flow and the drama of great events, doctoral thesis, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm.]. This paper is based on the idea that insights into the dynamics and evolution of networks and companies may be found by taking a longer term perspective. It uses historical documents and correspondence to examine the evolution of a network and of a single company within it over a period of close to a century. The paper highlights the fact that networks and networking are not modern inventions, but are intrinsic to the nature of business activity. The case study also provides illustration of a number of network phenomena, such as network position, networking and the paradoxes that are endemic in networks. Finally, the paper concludes with some lessons that may be drawn from the case for successful management in a network.     

工程建设信息网建设管理的发展思路浅析

工程建设信息网是各级建设行政主管部门发布工程建设管理和项目信息的专业网站，也是政府有关部门利用先进的信息技术对建筑市场实施及时、有效、动态监管的重要电子平台。建设维护好工程建设信息网，对整顿和规范建筑市场有着十分重要的意义。在分析全国工程建设网建设管理工作中存在着不足的基础，提出了今后的发展思路，以充分发挥网络信息平台在行业管理和为社会提供公共服务工作中的作用。     

Broadband Internet: net neutrality versus open access

“Network neutrality” and “open access” are two policies designed to preserve openness on the Internet. Open access mandates openness of conduits (e.g. television cable and DSL) to intermediaries (e.g. America Online), while network neutrality mandates openness to advanced content (streaming video, interactive e-commerce, etc.). We develop a systems model with free entry and competition in all three industry segments (conduits, intermediaries, and content) and examine the effects of the two types of regulation. We find that open access does not necessarily result in more openness of content and is not a substitute for network neutrality.