北京市新材料产业集聚发展宏观政策建议

本文简要回顾了产业集聚理论的主要观点,分析了北京市新材料产业目前发展现状,针对其中的问题提出作为政府层面保障新材料产业集聚发展的政策建议。并且在总结发达国家高新技术产业集聚发展过程中经验教训的基础上。提出发展产业集聚应注意规避的几点问题。     

排放交易体系与新西兰农业

本文在分析新西兰国情的基础上,阐明了新西兰为何有别于其他发达国家,将农业一并纳入排放交易体系的原因。扼要叙述排放交易立法将农业纳入减排体系的机制和过程。通过个案研究,定量分析农业成本的增长幅度。深入研究农业减排所面临的困难和风险、可能产生的经济社会效应、带来的发展机遇以及存在着的不确定性。     

金融危机对巴塞尔新资本协议和商业银行风险管理的挑战

正在影响着世界的金融危机,在考验商业银行自身的风险管理能力的同时,也挑战了全球银行业赖以为标准的巴塞尔新资本协议。本文旨在从危机爆发的原因出发,封新资本协议关于银行的风险管理方面的规定进行分析,以及在金融全球化的大环境下,中国的银行业应该如何应对危机。     

数字化与企业绿色创新表现——基于增量与提质的双重效应识别

数字化赋予了国民经济与微观企业转型升级的动能。文章在对上市公司进行文本挖掘的基础上,综合MD&A部分数字化词频占比和无形资产数据等多个数据集以提高企业数字化指标的刻画质量,实证考察了其对企业绿色创新表现的影响。研究发现,数字化对企业绿色创新表现具有"增量提质"的双重效应,并且该结论在创新性地采用清朝城墙数据作为历史工具变量和国家级大数据试验区建设作为准自然实验等一系列稳健性检验后仍然显著成立。异质性分析表明,这一促进效应在政府环保补助较高和内部管控成本较低的企业、非重污染行业企业中更为明显;而当地环境治理和知识产权保护则为该过程的实现提供了支撑。机制分析表明,数字化作用于企业绿色创新的路径依赖于其缓解了(环境)信息约束问题,促使企业自主参与环境治理,并有效提升企业商业信用。文章研究不仅为理解数字技术发展对企业绿色创新表现的影响机理提供了微观实证依据,也为未来实现数字化与"双碳"目标的"共赢"提供了重要启示。     

Eco-efficiency of intensification scenarios for milk production in New Zealand

New Zealand (NZ) dairy farms used to be the lowest input and most efficient dairy farms of the world. However, intensification of the traditional pasture-based system has occurred over the last decade and has not always been accompanied by increased efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to produce an updated reference of the eco-efficiency of NZ dairy farm systems and to analyse the implications of intensification on their eco-efficiency. Results for an average NZ dairy farm system were compared with those for three dairy farmlet systems representing a wide range in intensification practices. A low input system (LI) (no N fertiliser, no brought-in feed supplement, stocking rate of 2.3 cows/ha) was compared with an N-fertilised farm system (NF) (170 kg fertiliser-N/ha/year, 3 cows/ha) representing a first level of intensification and with an N-fertilised and maize silage supplemented system (NFMS) (170 kg fertiliser-N/ha/year, 13 t DM maize silage/ha/year, 5.2 cows/ha), representing a possible future intensification option. Their eco-efficiency in terms of milk production and land use was compared using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. NZ dairy farm systems rely on favourable temperate climate conditions and long-term perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture, to achieve eco-efficient milk production and land use compared to European systems. However, intensification of NZ dairy farms was shown to be detrimental to their eco-efficiency in terms both of milk production and land use functions and could greatly reduce their advantage compared to European systems. The eco-efficiency of LI was very high whatever the functional unit which is remarkable from an LCA perspective. NF and NFMS had a similar eco-efficiency except for energy use which corresponded to the most critical hot spot of NFMS. All studied NZ systems presented some areas for improvement where some new technologies available for dairy farms might play a promising role in the future. Finally, it should be highlighted that the comparison with European studies based on the literature available needs validation through a more comprehensive study using harmonised methodology and assumptions across countries.     

What is sustainable agriculture? Empirical evidence of diverging views in Switzerland and New Zealand

Public debates on sustainable agriculture tend to be shaped by dominant political stakeholders with a particular political agenda. They simultaneously contribute and respond to the formation of public opinion. In this paper, we investigate to what extent stakeholder attitudes and interests help explain national conceptions of sustainable agriculture and how these conceptions diverge between countries with different agricultural policies.For that purpose, we conducted two stakeholder perception surveys in Switzerland and New Zealand. The data analysis revealed that there are significant differences in perception between the two countries. While Swiss respondents felt that Swiss agriculture is already quite sustainable and that international trade and new technologies are likely to render it less sustainable, New Zealand respondents generally thought that economic and technological change is necessary to make agriculture more sustainable. The conservative Swiss attitude is in accordance with the country's defensive agricultural policy while the more progressive New Zealand attitude is clearly linked to its need to reconcile agricultural sustainability with national competitiveness.     

天津滨海新区建设成就与发展前景

文章综合分析了天津滨海新区经济发展和城市建设的成就及在产业发展、管理体制和规划等方面存在的问题,提出了要提高制造业自主创新能力、逐步建立统一行政区和区域交通枢纽、深入进行综合配套改革试验的设想与建议.     

知识共享与组织学习对供应链企业间研发合作绩效的影响研究

以我国制造企业为研究对象,研究了知识共享、组织学习与供应链企业间研发合作绩效之间的关系,引入情境因素作为控制变量,探讨在情境因素的作用下,知识共享、组织学习和研发合作绩效之间的关系是否存在显著性差异。建立了一个能够反映知识共享、组织学习和研发合作绩效三者之间关系的完整理论框架,运用问卷调查、探索性因子分析、结构方程模型等方法进行实证研究。研究表明:组织结构、信息技术、企业文化、信任均对知识共享、组织学习和研发合作绩效之间的关系有显著影响。可以指导企业通过有效的知识共享与组织学习,提升企业研发合作绩效,保证企业在未来的市场竞争中保持其竞争优势。     

基于平衡计分卡的国际科技合作绩效管理

将平衡计分卡引入到国际科技合作绩效管理中,根据国际科技合作的使命和发展战略,进行适当的修正和改进,构建了国际科技合作管理部门平衡计分卡模型。依据此模型,建立了一套专门用于国际科技合作绩效管理的评价指标体系,并结合层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,以期为科学决策和更有效的管理提供依据和启示。     

新贸易模式与世界经济失衡——基于NITP-GEM的研究

贸易问题既是世界经济失衡的主要表现之一,也是主要原因之一。本文在国际货币基金组织的全球经济模型(GEM)的基础之上,建立了一个基于新贸易模式的全球经济模型(NITP-GEM),以此为工具研究20世纪80年代以来演变出的新贸易模式在当前世界经济失衡中的作用,及在此背景下汇率调整、贸易保护、财政政策等对世界经济失衡的调整效应。研究发现,在新贸易模式下,世界经济失衡是稳态解的必然内涵,是一种特殊的均衡,其他领域的政策和调整方案在世界经济再平衡上收效甚微。