全球贸易竞争对美国反垄断政策的影响

反垄断政策是美国政府最重要的经济政策之一。在贸易全球化时代,有观点认为,反垄断政策不利于美国企业在国际市场上的竞争,甚至认为应当将反垄断政策置于贸易政策之下。但美国政府接受了经济学家迈克尔·波特的理论,坚持激烈的国内市场竞争有助于美国企业国际竞争力形成的观点,反对将反垄断政策作为贸易政策的工具,并在政策取向上一方面对反垄断政策进行调整,使反垄断政策有助于推动企业创新;另一方面积极推动反垄断领域中的国际合作,为美国企业创造更加平等的竞争环境。     

A Note on the Labor Market Effects of Remittances in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: Do Thresholds Exist?

The labor market effects of remittances have long been examined in the empirical literature. To date, the results have been mixed: some authors observe a negative association between remittances and unemployment while others report that remittances increase unemployment. This study empirically examines the impact of remittances on unemployment using macroeconomic data for a sample of 18 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Specifically, the study tests whether there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables. Results suggest that when the remittance‐to‐GDP ratio is low, remittances have a positive and significant impact on unemployment. However, as they increase, remittances are negatively associated with unemployment. This suggests the possibility that estimations based on the assumption of a linear relationship between remittances and labor may mask the true relationship between the variables.     

The public bond offering of Petróleos de Venezuela S.A.

In April 2007, Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) issued debt for USD 7.5 billion, the largest debt offering to date by a Latin American company. The conditions surrounding this issue, which was denominated and tradable in dollars, but payable in bolivars, were quite special, particularly when considering the strict foreign exchange control system put into place by the Venezuelan government in 2003. The fact that the bond issue attempted to fulfill the dual purpose of offering dollars to local companies and investors in the midst of prevailing exchange rate controls, while helping to finance PDVSA as a company, creates a unique dilemma that is ideal for class discussion. This teaching case provides the information necessary for estimating and proposing a price for PDVSA's bond offer.     

Is there a slowdown in agricultural productivity growth in South America?

This article estimates agricultural productivity growth in 10 South American countries in 1969–2009 with the objective of investigating if the slowdown being measured in other countries is present in the region. Results show that productivity growth accounts for half of the three‐fold increase in agricultural output during this period and that performance is sensitive to R&D investments in the sector. The slowdown found for the 1990s to 2000s in the U.S. and some European economies does not seem to be present yet in South America. The region's total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate increased steadily from 1.07% during the 1970s to 2.29% during the 2000s. Given lags in adoption and the adaptive nature of innovations in these economies, we have yet to see the potential effects in South American agriculture of decreases in R&D in advanced economies.     

慈善事业:美、英的实践模式及其启示

慈善事业是一项基于道德的社会事业。美、英两国都十分重视慈善事业的发展,并且各自形成了独具特色的实践模式。美国慈善事业的特色包括:民间主导型的实践模式、税收激励下的慈善动机和稳定的社会公信力。英国慈善事业的特色包括:"慈善模式以政府资助为主、民间组织为辅"以及慈善事业具有良好的监管制度。美、英两国慈善事业的实践经验为我国慈善事业的发展提供了诸多有益的启示:一是要完善慈善法律体系;二是要降低慈善组织的进入门槛;三是要加强慈善组织的内部结构治理;四是要加强政府对慈善组织的支持力度;五是要加强对慈善组织的管理与监督。     

美俄竞逐南亚的战略及中国的对策

中美俄三国关系是当今世界最重要的大国关系,三国关系的发展对地区及世界的影响重大。美俄从各自的国家利益出发,在南亚地区进行博弈,以满足各自的战略需求。印度借力美俄之间的博弈,打压巴基斯坦,制衡中国,以实现其＂大国梦想＂。本文探讨了美国与俄罗斯竞逐南亚的战略需求以及中国的对策。     

政府诚信的新制度经济学分析

政府诚信指政府在履行职责的过程中，以诚实守信作为规范和约束自身行为的道德准则。既有的政府诚信研究主要基于行政伦理的分析。而通过外部性、交易费用、制度等新制度经济学的核心概念和理论对政府诚信以新的透视，有利于深化对政府诚信的认识。有利于提出矫治政府诚信缺失的对策。     

Classifying a customer as a national account

A recent article [Stevenson and Page, Industrial Marketing Management 8, 94–100 (1979)] addressed the issue of how industrial marketers determine if their firms can use national account marketing. Once that decision is made, a next logical step is to determine which customers should be classified as national accounts. This article discusses appropriate classification criteria that industrial marketers can use to make such decisions. The information presented here is based on a study of national account marketing.