电子支付技术在电子商务中的运用与研究

影响我国现代电子商务发展瓶颈问题是网上购物的结算,结合现今国际电子商务行为的方式方法,如何利用相关电子支付技术,实现网上购物与实时支付等问题,是实现网上购物与实时支付的关键所在。     

Animal-companion extremes and underlying consumer themes

Pet expenditures have doubled over the past ten years, reflecting the growing involvement of Americans and their pets. The goal of this research was to explore the meanings and roles pets play in peoples' lives. Consumers caring for multiple animals - ranging from six to 100 - informed this study. Rescuer and caretaker were two themes that emerged from the interviews. Relationship theory helps explain the drivers behind pet-acquisition growth. A consumer-pet relationship framework is used to identify factors that may influence the strength and duration of consumer-pet relationships.     

As time goes by: Examining the paradox of stability and change in business networks

Stability and change may seem contradictory features but in business networks, they coexist [Hakansson H, Snehota, I. Developing Relationships in Business Networks. London, Routledge; 1995]. This article explores the paradox of the coexistence of stability and change in an Australian context. Previous research illustrated that stability over time can exist in specific business relationships [Sutton-Brady C, Donnan, M. Nexus nonsense or is it? Conference Proceedings, 19th Annual IMP Conference, Lugano, Switzerland September 2003; 2003]. This research study further investigates time as a proxy variable of stability [Halinen A, Tornroos, J-A. The meaning of time in the study of industrial buyer–seller relationships. In: Moller K, Wilson DT, editors. Business Marketing: An Interaction Approach. Norwell, Mass: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1995.] and attempts to uncover other variables, which may influence the stability of the relationship. Given the exploratory nature of the research a case study approach was utilized to gain an in-depth understanding of the variables, which may contribute to the stability. This article further advances the concept of time as a proxy variable for stability while investigating what other variables may be crucial in understanding this concept. From analysis of the case studies, the findings show that other variables do play a role in determining the stability and change in the relationships and networks, these included location, product/service quality, technology, cooperativeness, adaptations and cost. The major contribution of this article is the reopening of discussions on time as a proxy variable for stability and attempts to broaden this to include other variables.     

基亏人地关系理论的区域土地持续利用规划反思

土地数量的有限性和土地需求日益增加构成土地资源持续利用的特殊矛盾，协调土地供给和需求是土地资源持续利用的永恒主题，是土地利用规划的重要内容。土地数量的有限性和土地需求日益增加之间的矛盾，从地理学人地关系理论角度来看，属于人类社会发展与自然环境之间的矛盾。从人地关系理论对土地持续利用规划进行反思，分析现有规划中存在的问题，提出基于人地关系协调共生的土地持续利用规划对策措施，对土地持续利用规划的进一步完善与发展具有重要的意义。     

外商对华直接投资人力资本效应

FDI的人力资本效应是FDI的技术外溢一个重要渠道。其主要通过跨国公司对东道国的研发机构、教育系统和在职培训直接或间接的影响而产生。同时,人力资本的发展也会促进FDI技术外溢的吸收,促成东道国实质性的发展。     

Credit agency regulation and the impact of credit ratings in the international bond market

The use of credit ratings in financial and other legal documents — both in the USA and Europe —, has led to a situation in which the major rating agencies have become (largely unwilling) participants in the legislative process. This situation has become partly formalized in the US (and is being repeated elsewhere in the European Union, Eastern Europe and Latin America) through the creation of officially ‘recognized’ agencies whose ratings now carry the imprimatur of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the necessity for formal legal status to be sustained in the market for bond credit ratings. In this context, the criteria for a credible rating agency are examined and evidence is provided on one element of the criteria which is under-researched: namely, the impact of the ratings in the market place. The influence of rating agencies in international capital markets is assessed through an analysis of the impact of ratings on the yields of bonds, represented by a comprehensive sample of actively traded debt. The sample contains analysis of ratings introductions on both new and seasoned debt and also examines the impact of ratings revisions. It is concluded that official recognition has no market-based role and it is argued that ratings are used by regulators because of the success of the major agencies in performing their market function.     

Cooperation evaluation with the use of network analysis

The aim of the paper is to propose a way of assessing tourist partnerships using Social Network Analysis (SNA). The partnership structure chosen for this assessment was the ‘Wisła Tourist Organization’ (WTO) – a Destination Marketing Organization operating in the south of Poland. Collaboration assessment was based on discovering if, and to what extent new types of relationships between WTO members exist – and how big a part of the network structure they cover. It was assumed that the higher the extent of partnership relations in the WTO based on direct relations between WTO’s members including: business cooperation, communication, knowledge, trust, mutual understanding, dialogue, benefits from cooperation, and perceived fulfilled expectations, the higher the level of collaboration evaluation.     

中层管理者迈尔斯布里格斯（MBTI）人格类型对其创新行为的影响

以社会交换理论和代际理论为基础,深入探讨了中层管理者MBTI人格类型对其创新行为的影响机制及其作用边界条件。基于532名中层管理者调研数据,构建了一个被调节的中介模型。结果表明,中层管理者存在3种典型人格类型：内倾感觉思维判断类型（ISTJ）、外倾感觉思维判断类型（ESTJ）、内倾直觉思维判断（INTJ）。其中,ISTJ、INTJ人格类型正向影响中层管理者创新行为,而ESTJ人格类型负向影响中层管理者创新行为;领导-成员交换关系在3种典型人格类型与创新行为之间发挥着部分中介作用;代际差异显著调节该中介作用。与“文革代”相比,在“新生代”中层管理者群体中,上述中介作用更加显著。     

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR MANAGING INVESTMENTS

Abstract Stress and distress are unavoidable aspects of dealing with the vagaries of financial markets and financial advisers. The purpose of this paper is to try to reduce the discomfort in dealing with investment advisers, and to make the journey up and down the financial mountain a little less stressful and more satisfying. The commandments deal with defining investment policies precisely, diversifying asset classes, choosing a consistent benchmark for investment policies, structuring precisely the asset allocation process, defining risk and risk management procedures, monitoring the portfolio carefully, matching the allocation and investment horizons, being active or passive according to investment policies, being agnostic about model forecasts and being aware that, while buy low and sell high is a truism, investors and financial advisers are only human and therefore make mistakes.     

试谈上里古镇的建筑艺术与乡村景观

上里古镇是四川著名的十大古镇之一,经历了数百年的沧桑变迁之后,至今它的保存仍十分完整。本文主要从上里古镇的形成与发展、以及古镇特有的古建筑艺术与乡村历史文化这两方面进行一些粗略的探讨。