专利视角下人工智能领域技术机会分析

人工智能在全球范围内蓬勃兴起,并成为引领科技进步、推动产业升级的新引擎,受到各国政府和专家学者的高度重视。基于德温特创新索引数据库,从技术融合、创新主体、潜在市场3个维度,对人工智能领域的技术机会进行识别与分析。通过技术主题词共现分析,研究人工智能领域技术融合现状,识别出该领域核心技术;通过创新主体专利分析,识别出人工智能领域潜在技术竞争对手及优势方向,进而发现和拓展技术机会;通过同族专利的海外布局分析,挖掘人工智能技术潜在市场机会,从而为中国人工智能技术前瞻性布局与创新引导政策制定提供有益参考。     

社会网络强弱关系对创新性机会识别的影响

创新性创业活动起源于创业者对创新性机会的识别。运用问卷调查法,分析创业者社会网络关系与创业机会创新性之间的逻辑联系,并探索了创业者创新性认知风格对该过程的影响。结果表明：弱关系相较于强关系对创业者所识别的创业机会的创新性有显著正向影响,混合利用强、弱关系相较于单一利用强关系/弱关系对创业机会的创新性有显著正向影响;创新性认知风格对创业机会的创新性有显著正向影响;创新性认知风格在混合利用强弱关系和创业机会创新性之间的作用关系中起正向调节作用。     

社会创业机会识别与开发框架模型研究

本文通过对社会创业机会的相关文献进行综述,建立了社会创业机会识别与开发的框架模型,并对该模型进行了分析,得出在社会创业机会识别、评估与开发的三个阶段阶段中受到知识与信息、价值感知、警觉度、资源和社会网络等因素的影响。     

巨额存差背景下的银行保险:机遇与问题

自1995年以来金融机构累计形成的巨额存差,对商业银行传统的依靠存贷利差获取收入的模式形成了挑战,同时也给保险公司加快银行保险业务带来了新的机遇。2006年一季度国内银行保险业务迅猛增长只是一个阶段性的特殊现象,并不表明加快我国银行保险业务发展的外部环境已经成熟,银行保险已经进入良性、可持续发展的轨道。由于我国现阶段采用的是金融分业经营的制度和资本市场的不完善,实现银行保险业务的良性、可持续发展还存在着若干制约因素,消除和化解这些制约因素则是加快银行保险业务发展的关键所在。     

不平等是否弱化了企业家精神——来自转型期中国的经验证据

创新型经济的本质要求在于有效激发全体社会成员的企业家精神。降低不平等程度及其对企业家精神的负面影响,对于转向创新驱动的增长方式,进而实现更"充分"和更"平衡"发展具有重要意义。本文构建了一个基于内生经济增长的动态模型,从企业家精神(创新供给)的角度出发,刻画了不平等影响企业家创新的机理,并利用中国综合社会调查数据及相关省际面板数据检验了不平等对企业家精神的影响。本文发现:(1)机会不平等显著降低了企业家精神,努力不平等对企业家精神有积极影响,收入不平等与企业家精神呈现倒U型关系;(2)社会保障水平提高能部分抵消机会不平等带来的不利影响,激发企业家精神,人力资本投资成本的下降能部分抵消机会不平等对人力资本积累的负向作用,提高人力资本水平;(3)机会不平等仍然是制约人力资本积累的重要因素,而努力不平等尚未起到促进人力资本积累的作用。本文具有深刻的政策含义:实现创新驱动发展的一个重要前提条件是要降低社会成员的机会不平等同时增加努力不平等,保持适当的社会保障水平、降低人力资本投资成本,从而有效激发全体社会成员的企业家精神,催生经济增长新动能。     

The role of accounting information in revenue management

Revenue management (RM) uses differential pricing and other techniques to manage customer demand for a company's products and services. It judiciously trades off yield and spoilage, and brings rational approaches to pricing for goods and services with a limited shelf life. Because many types of businesses find that growing revenue has a disproportionate impact on operating profits, firms that know and manage their customer base often achieve better bottom-line results by growing revenue rather than by cost-cutting. Initially developed as a marketing tool for pricing airline tickets, today's numerous RM applications can benefit from accounting tools that help assess whether applications will enhance operating profit and monitor their success in doing so. Knowledge of a firm's cost structure, operating leverage in particular, and when to treat RM adjustments as special orders, are the principal accounting lynchpins. Opportunity cost variances and insights from the theory of constraints contribute to effective revenue management/profit enhancement programs. Use of proper accounting information and analytic techniques can help a tolerated union of necessity between RM programs and firm strategy become a desirable marriage of mutual choice.     

欧债危机背景下江苏企业“走出去”的机遇与战略

欧债危机给转型期的江苏企业带来了良好机遇。江苏企业"走出去"亟需通过战略调整注入新的动力。省内企业要改变以往以低端要素加入全球价值链生产环节的状况,实现发展方式转型;利用全球的分工体系和产业链,获得更高效、更有价值的资源整合;以链条式结构向海外进军;在区域结构要形成"三角骨"构架。     

Leveraging networks,capabilities and opportunities for international success: A study on returnee entrepreneurial ventures

By integrating social capital theory with a capability-based view on performance, this paper aims to examine the extent to which returnee entrepreneurial ventures (REVs) gain international performance advantages from the founding entrepreneurs’ experience with international networks. Using data on 200 Chinese REVs, the paper proposes and tests a structural model with a focus on the link between individual entrepreneurs and the subsequent development of firm capabilities. The results provide evidence that it is important that the returnee entrepreneurs have an international social network for the REV to develop an international network capability, which, in turn, mediates the effects on opportunity knowledge and the international performance of the REVs. The findings highlight the concurrent effect of the role of entrepreneurs and organizational learning in internationalization, and they provide an understanding as to the importance of the returnee-specific advantages for the international performance of these firms.     

Result-based agri-environment measures: Market-based instruments,incentives or rewards? The case of Baden-Württemberg

Result-based agri-environment measures are increasingly seen as an interesting way to improve the conditionality and efficiency of the use of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) funding for environmental land management. They differ from classical action-based measures in that they remunerate farmers to achieve a desired outcome, and not for complying with a set of rules. We have analysed MEKA-B4, the result-based agrienvironment measure in place in Baden-Württemberg (Germany) between 2000 and 2014, which aimed to preserve species-rich grassland. In order to do so, we carried out semi-structured face-to-face interviews with participating and non-participating farmers and key institutional actors. We argue that MEKA-B4 could be considered a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), but only if a broad definition is adopted, as the payment appeared to cover the opportunity costs of only some categories of farmers (e.g., part-time farmers, less productive fields, hay producers), but it was too low to cover those of intensive cattle raisers and biogas producers, partly due to the changing market conditions (e.g., fluctuating and decreasing price of hay; incentives to produce biogas). In fact, in general most farmers were motivated to join the scheme by a combination of extrinsic motivations (i.e., the monetary incentive) and intrinsic motivations (i.e., ethical reasons). Increasing the payment, as has been done in the new version of the scheme (FAKT-B3), may help to ensure a wider enrolment in the measure in the long term. However, the interaction with biogas subsidies and other measures of the FAKT programme may hamper the farmers’ enrolment. This shows the need to improve the integration and coherence of environmental policies that have different objectives.     

创业拼凑、机会识别与社会企业绩效研究——管家文化的调节作用

利用199家社会企业问卷调研数据,基于创业拼凑理论和管家理论,探讨创业拼凑、机会识别、管家文化与社会企业绩效间的关系。结果表明,创业拼凑对社会企业绩效有显著正向影响;机会识别在创业拼凑与社会企业绩效间具有中介作用;以员工为中心的管家文化和以企业家为中心的管家文化正向调节创业拼凑与机会识别的关系。研究结论可丰富创业拼凑相关理论,并为社会企业突破资源约束、提升企业绩效提供新思路。