基于联盟的数字产业技术标准国际化路径研究——以昕诺飞为例

数字产业具有前沿性、复杂性和高度不确定性,技术标准国际化是数字产业保持全球竞争力的重要举措。采用纵向单案例研究法,以昕诺飞为研究对象,探索企业推进技术标准国际化的路径及机制。结果表明,昕诺飞实现技术标准国际化的主要路径是基于自主研发或收购专利组建标准联盟或专利联盟并制定发布联盟标准,进而将其转化为国际标准、目标国国家标准和团体标准;企业可基于标准开展相应认证检测,形成“联盟+标准+专利+认证检测”的闭环,实现“技术专利化—专利标准化—标准国际化—市场垄断化”的良性循环,以维持企业长期竞争优势;推进技术标准国际化的关键在于组建联盟,我国数字产业可通过“标准联盟+专利联盟”的双联盟策略,形成核心层稳固的开放式战略联盟,通过构建共生演化生态系统推进技术标准国际化。     

Monitoring trends of technological changes based on the dynamic patent lattice: A modified formal concept analysis approach

The strategic importance of monitoring technological changes is highlighted given the ever faster pace and increasing complexity of technological innovation. In this respect, patent citation analysis has been the most frequently adopted tool among others. However, patent citation analysis is subject to certain drawbacks that stem from only consideration of citing-cited information and time lags between citing and cited patents. This study proposes a formal concept analysis (FCA)-based approach to developing a dynamic patent lattice that can analyze complex relations among patents and monitor trends of technological changes. The FCA is a mathematical tool for grouping objects with shared properties based on the lattice theory. The distinct strengths of FCA, vis-á-vis other methods, lie in structuring and displaying the relations among objects from a massive amount of data. For the purpose of technology monitoring, the FCA is modified to take into account time periods and changes of patent keywords. A patent context is first constructed with the aid of domain experts and text mining technique. Two types of dynamic patent lattices are then developed by executing the modified FCA algorithm. A case study of laser technology in lithography for semiconductor manufacturing shows that the suggested dynamic patent lattice has considerable advantages over conventional patent citation maps in terms of visualization and informative power.     

A heuristic procedure to identify the most valuable chain of patent priority network

In this study, we provide support for the argument that patents are at their maximum value at those times when they are under litigation. We develop a heuristic procedure to determine the way in which such patents under litigation form a network of patent family members, and then go on to examine the priority patents involved. We subsequently attempt to develop a simple procedure to further identify both the ‘critical’ and ‘significant’ chains within our proposed patent priority network. We suggest that the ‘critical’ and ‘significant’ chains that are created within the above network provide companies with important information which will ultimately provide them with valuable support for the subsequent decision of their patent portfolio strategies.     

Patent indicators for monitoring convergence - examples from NFF and ICT

The blurring of boundaries between hitherto distinct scientific disciplines, technologies or markets is a common and powerful phenomenon. Concentrating on monitoring convergence through patent indicators, we discuss convergence with examples from the area of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (NFF)/Cosmeceuticals as well as information technologies, consumer electronics, and telecommunications (ICT). We analyze 7455 scientific and patent references on phytosterols with the aid of SciFinder Scholar and 3836 documents employing STN AnaVist. Furthermore, we test an IPC co-classification based approach on 859,469 ICT-related and 341,846 NFF-related patents. Our results show clear indications for convergence and a proof of principle for our monitoring concept. Academics may better evaluate environmental parameters, like cases of convergence, influencing companies' actions. Implications for practitioners are based on a more reliable assessment prior to the forming of strategic alliances or mergers and acquisitions. This could help avoid costly adventures such as the mergers and acquisitions seen in ICT.     

基于关键节点与关键路径的专利集群网络演进研究

专利作为技术和知识的重要载体,是研究技术演进和产业发展的重要信息源。目前缺乏针对专利集群网络中关键节点与关键路径中节点的比较分析和技术知识挖掘。构建基于关键节点和关键路径的专利集群网络演进模型,从两个层面综合分析技术演进特征。检索德温特数据库(Derwent Innovation Index)得到碳化硅肖特基势垒二极管（SiC-SBD）相关专利作为实证数据,时间跨度为1986-2017年。结果表明,SiC-SBD专利集群网络经历了萌芽期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期,其中,萌芽期专利主要涉及基础技术,成长期为器件结构,以完善器件结构、改进二极管性能为主要研究方向。近年来SiC-SBD专利年增长率下降,技术发展速度放缓,专利价值更多体现在其商业价值上。SiC-SBD专利集群网络关键节点与关键路径中节点重合度较高,核心专利识别可通过多视角分析得到。通过关键节点与关键路径分析专利集群网络演进过程,有助于更全面呈现技术演进过程,为决策者识别核心专利、预测技术发展提供参考。     

专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及改革路径

一直以来,高校科技成果转化问题都是社会热点且亟待解决。权属分配是政府引导转化工作的突破点,而权属分配又与专利制度紧密相关。“拜杜法案”以美国专利法修正案形式发挥着促进成果转化的作用,也同样暗示了专利制度对成果转化的重要性和特殊性。现阶段,确有必要探讨成果转化激励失效与专利制度的关联性,分析专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及决定性作用,并结合我国部分地区改革实践经验与相关法学理论观点,论证高校职务科技成果赋权改革的合理性。同时,对赋权改革如何疏通高校科技成果转化堵点进行分析,结合《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》,展望专利制度变革及相关规则体系建设的前景与方向。     

从产业融合角度分析我国物流金融的发展

随着物流业与金融业的合作加强．共同发展,物流金融受到了更多的关注。物流企业与金融机构为了增强自身在行业的竞争力,已经把物流金融作为重要途径之一。作为产业形成的方式之一,更好地了解产业融合．能够帮助我们更好地了解物流金融业发展的原因及趋势。通过介绍产业融合的定义和动因来分析物流业与金融业融合的必要性与可行性。     

林地资产应随林木资产一起评估抵贷

国有林场林木资产和林地资产是场顶梁柱资金,目前,前者允以抵贷,后者不能连同抵贷,无形中诋毁林场的抵贷能量和融资水平。为此,力主两大资产应随从抵贷,以充分发挥森林资源"以少胜多"的综合效应功绩。     

金融海啸影响下仓单质押业务风险控制探讨

由美国引发的金融海啸对实体经济运行体系的伤害,已经是不争的事实,受金融海啸影响,某物流公司仓单质押业务出现了衰退现象.为规避风险,对仓单质押监管这一物流金融体系进行创新,提高物流企业的抗击风险能力,应从关注宏观环境、加强企业管理水平建设和培养专业人才方面采取相应的措施.     

我国商业银行仓单质押贷款管理风险控制对策

国家对物流产业非常重视．商业银行仓单质押贷款在国内发展也面临新的机遇．虽然商业银行仓单质押贷款面临管理风险、市场风险、法律风险、道德风险等诸多风险,但是由于仓单以及商业银行仓单质押贷款操作的特殊性,以及仓单质押贷款对商业银行、贷款企业、仓储企业的重要意义．站在商业银行的角度,选取和商业银行仓单质押贷款管理相关联的风险防范措施作为主要研究对象,旨在以特定角度解释商业银行仓单质押贷款风险控制对策的金融实质。