Antecedents of patent value using exchange option models: Evidence from a panel data analysis

This paper examines the patent impact factor by an empirical study using panel data. To investigate the impact factor of patent value, this study conducts a sensitivity analysis of a patent evaluation model within the framework of a real option, while considering the uncertainties associated with both patent counts and the amount of R&D per patent, and develops an empirical analysis method for examining the impact factor of a patent using an unbalanced two-way fixed effects model. The empirical results indicate that the increase of patent value accords with the increase in the patent counts, volatility and patent lifetime. Although patent value declines with the amount of R&D per patent, the impact is not significant. However, reducing cost, raising patent counts and enhancing innovation efficiency offer a feasible method for a firm to increase patent value.     

How to Measure and Draw Causal Inferences with Patent Scope

Abstract

This paper presents an easy-to-use measure of patent scope that is grounded both in patent law and in the practices of patent attorneys. We validate our measure by showing both that patent attorneys’ subjective assessments of scope agree with our estimates, and that the behavior of patenters is consistent with it. Using our validation exercise, we find that previous measures of patent scope (i.e., the number of patent classes, the number of citations made by future patents, and the number of claims in a patent) are uninformative or misleading. To facilitate drawing causal inferences with our measure, we show how it can be used to create an instrumental variable, patent examiner scope toughness, which we also validate. We then demonstrate the power of this instrument by examining standard-essential patents. We show that an (exogenous) diminishment of patent scope leads to patents being much less likely to be declared standard essential.     

我国银行理财产品质押的法律风险及其缓释路径

银行理财产品质押具有融资功能。虽然立法未明确银行理财产品可纳入出质范围,但是具备权利质押的法律构成要件。立法的缺失将银行的理财产品质押授信业务置于巨大的风险之下,对此可以通过类推适用、确立优先受偿权、设置质物价值追踪系统以及建立强制平仓制度等法律手段来缓释风险。     

基于专利分析国内食盐的研究进展

食盐是人类生活中的必需品,本文从近年来国内专利申请情况分析了食盐的研究进展,旨在为食盐的开发提供参考。     

中小企业应收账款质押融资实证研究

通过审视我国应收账款质押融资现状,运用因子分析方法,得出影响应收账款质押融资业务发展的主要因素,从诚信视角剖析了应收账款质押融资风险,探讨了建立应收账款质押信用信息共享和失信惩戒制度的途径和机制。     

专利申请量与经济增长的实证分析——以深圳为例

2010年深圳专利申请49430件,其中含金量最高的发明专利申请23956件,占总量的48.46%。每万人发明专利申请连续7年蝉联全国第一。专利申请量是衡量一个地区实力的重要标志,以专利所代表的创新是经济长期增长的根本动力之一,且逐渐成为各地区经济增长的促进因素。本文试图通过相关性分析和计量分析,测算出近20年来专利申请量与GDP增长的相关系数和弹性系数,科学的论证专利是经济发展的推动力,以促进深圳科技创新的进一步发展。     

A survey of inventions aimed at preventing drowning

To identify, describe and compare injuries among three water sport activities: kite surfing (KS), personal watercraft (PWC) and towed water sports (TWS). The study was a cross sectional, online survey. The setting was on Perth, Western Australia's popular beaches and riverbanks. Main outcome measures were number of injuries and level of severity; level of exposure and protection measures. Overall, 43% reported at least one injury in the past 12 months, a rate of 22.3 injuries per 100 h. Kite surfers were more likely to report an injury than PWC or TWS. One-half of injuries occurred while on the water. Most injuries were caused by landing awkwardly (56%) and/or trying new tricks (41%). Despite 90% of respondents having used at least one personal protective equipment (PPE) item, half (49%) reported always using a personal floatation device. This study provided information on KS, PWC and TWS injuries as well as a range of safety behaviours. It is recommended that these results form the basis of further research to reduce injury rates and encourage the use of PPE items.     

THE ROLE OF FEES IN PATENT SYSTEMS: THEORY AND EVIDENCE

This paper reviews the economic literature on the role of fees in patent systems. Two main research questions are usually addressed: the impact of patent fees on the behavior of applicants and the question of optimal fees. Studies in the former group confirm that a range of fees affect the behavior of applicants and suggest that a patent is an inelastic good. Studies in the latter group provide grounds for both low and high application (or pre‐grant) fees and renewal (or post‐grant) fees, depending on the structural context and policy objectives. The paper also presents new stylized facts on patent fees of 30 patent offices worldwide. It is shown that application fees are generally lower than renewal fees, and renewal fees increase more than proportionally with patent age.     

The coincidence of patent thickets—A comparative analysis

The growth of patent thickets—technology fields that are characterized by a large overlap of rights between different right holders—poses a challenge for innovators. Patent thickets are argued to create strong friction in innovation due to a pronounced potential for holdup. So far, we do not know whether patent thickets coincide in all patent systems or if differences exist that policy makers and managers must take into account when aiming to disentangle and to navigate patent thickets, respectively. To address this gap, we measure patent density of technology fields in the patent systems of the United States, the German patent system governed by the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA), and the European patent system governed by the European Patent Office (EPO). Our comparisons reveal both interesting differences and similarities between the analyzed patent systems. Although the United States and the EPO patent system show similar relative patent density patterns across technology fields, the German patent system strongly differs from the previous two. This implies that such deviations need to be taken into account by policy makers when considering regulatory measures as well as by companies in their intellectual property strategy.     

多元化还是专一性更好

高管职业路径多元化还是专一性更能促进企业创新？基于手工整理的CEO职业背景数据，通过静态面板回归、动态DID分析以及工具变量2SLS分析得出，CEO的多元化职业路径更有助于增加企业创新投资；从劳动力市场层面的CEO外部选择视角出发，研究发现，失败容忍机制是二者关系的影响渠道；根据企业特征，将其划分为行业主导者和跟随者后发现，信息学习机制是二者之间的影响渠道。最后，通过从创新投入到产出的全过程检验发现，CEO多元化职业路径通过影响创新投入，有助于提升滞后两年的专利产出数量与质量。