假冒生产对专利制度的伤害

本文是对中国年轻的专利制度的经济学分析。通过一个包含假冒生产行为的理论模型和相应的计量检验 ,我们研究了中国普遍存在的假冒生产活动对专利保护的影响 ,并得出结论 :中国 1 993年以延长专利保护时间为主的专利法修改未使地区专利申请和研究开发投入的倾向上升 ,反而有所下降 ,原因在于专利保护时间的延长刺激了更多的假冒企业进入那些具有较大假冒潜力的行业 ,从而专利开发企业的利益受到了损害 ,也就没有动力进行进一步的研究开发和专利申请。对一切行业实行相同的专利保护期T与相同的惩罚假冒力度K ,必定违反最优专利制度设计原则。应该针对不同行业的假冒生产特点 ,通过制定相应的法律政策使假冒潜力最大的行业假冒成本提高。另外 ,就当前关于计算机软件保护的争论 ,本文认为软件行业过去保护不足。     

Business planning based on technological capabilities: Patent analysis for technology-driven roadmapping

This research responds to the needs of technology-driven business by focusing on how firms can find new business opportunities based on their technological capabilities. It proposes a technology-driven roadmapping processes that starts from capability analysis for technology planning and ends with business opportunity analysis for market planning. We suggest the use of patent data as a proxy measure of technological capability for this purpose and develop four analysis modules — Monitoring, Collaboration, Diversification, and Benchmarking — to support decision-making during the process. Various analysis techniques such as text-mining, network analysis, citation analysis and index analysis are applied to discover meaningful implications from the patent data, which are summarized in four maps — Actor-similarity map, Actor-relations map, Technology-industry map, and Technology-affinity map. For the purpose of illustration, RFID-related patents are collected and the 18 firms with the most patents used, focusing especially on the third biggest. We believe using roadmapping and patent analysis together can play complementary roles for each other. Putting roadmapping techniques together with patent analysis can increase the objectivity and reliability of technology roadmap, while using patent analysis restricted to technological information together with roadmapping techniques can ensure that a more valuable breadth of strategic information is extracted from patents.     

从科研项目的专利状态看现阶段高校专利质量问题

统计结果表明,从2001年开始,全国专利申请增长速度均超过20%,居于世界前列,增速明显高于我国科研总经费投入的增长幅度,高校的专利申请数量也在近年出现了高速增长。究竟是由于我国的发明创造在爆发性地增长,从而使专利申请数量急剧增加;还是由于专利意识的提高,为发明创造及时申请了专利保护;抑或是一种泡沫,在专利意识长期模糊下的一种矫枉过正的反应。结合近几年科研项目中专利状态的变化,来分析高校专利质量存在的问题,探讨提高高校专利质量的途径。     

专利与GDP：基于面板数据的实证分析

本文对1991—2006年各省的专利申请量和GDP的面板数据的协整和固定效应分析得出：一是专利申请量和GDP之间存在长期的稳定关系,技术进步对经济增长起着很大的作用;二是固定效应的截距项反映各省的基本面由于技术进步对经济增长的拉动作用的不同,同时也反映了各省处于不同的技术阶段。     

Exploring technology diffusion and classification of business methods: Using the patent citation network

Among the many technology forecasting indicators, patents and patent citations are useful and important indicators. The more frequently a certain patent is cited by subsequent patents, the more the related technology can be said to be diffused, implying that the technology is more widely applied and thus more valuable. This paper analyzes the business methods technology which retrieves patents from the USPTO database. There are two purposes of this paper: 1. establish the indicators for finding basic patents and measure the relationship of these basic patents; 2. classify the basic patents and explain the groups of technology diffusion. Finally, this study identifies the two mainstreams in business method technology: one is focused on marketing technology, and the other one stresses on data security. Both are important for Internet data processes or e-commerce activities.     

Defining key inventors: A comparison of fuel cell and nanotechnology industries

This paper defines the notion of key inventors — those whose patenting is simultaneously highly productive and also widely cited. By implication, key inventors should be the leaders in any developing new field and we investigate the validity of the notion through an exploration of two emerging technological fields: fuel cell and nanotechnology. The nature of the two groups is compared to discuss the differences between the technological groups.     

高技术产业团体标准专利许可信息隐匿及政府对策

团体标准制定有助于激发市场主体活力,增加标准有效供给,提升产品竞争力。然而,在高技术产业团体标准使用中,团体标准的专利权人在对外许可专利时往往存在信息隐匿的机会主义行为。根据高技术产业团体标准专利池的专利特点,分析了高技术产业团体标准专利许可的信息隐匿问题,探究了问题存在的原因。同时通过案例研究,在总结与对比国内外对高技术产业团体标准专利许可信息隐匿监管的基础上,进一步针对中国提出政策建议,以期推进中国高技术产业团体标准的培育与发展,提升高技术产业竞争力,实现经济提质增效。     

政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业R&D投入及其专利产出的影响——上海市的实证研究

本文从动态角度运用面板数据分析中的随机效应模型实证研究了上海市政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业自筹的R&D投入及其专利产出的影响。本文认为 ,政府的科技拨款资助和税收减免这两个政策工具对大中型工业企业增加自筹的R&D投入都具有积极效果 ,并且政府的拨款资助越稳定效果越好 ;政府拨款资助和税收减免互为补充 ,提高一个的强度也会增加另一个的效果 ,但这个效应以政府税收减免为主。不同来源的R&D支出和不同等级的人力资源对专利产出的影响是不同的 ,自筹的R&D支出对专利产出有着显著的正面作用。     

林农公益林补偿收益权质押贷款可得性研究

基于双变量Probit模型从需求和供给两个角度对浙江省丽水市公益林补偿收益权质押贷款试点地区255个林农的贷款可得性、内在联系及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:60.39%的林农对公益林补偿收益权质押贷款有需求,11.76%的林农成功获得贷款;丽水试验区公益林补偿收益权质押贷款存在供给范围较窄、公益林小户和大额资金需求得不到有效满足等问题;户主受教育程度、家庭人口负担、公益林面积、贷款期限是影响林农收益权质押贷款需求决策的因素;在需求约束下,年龄小、受教育程度高、公益林面积大、优质存量客户的贷款可得性更高,并且公益林补偿收益权质押贷款的可得性更依赖于林农家庭经济状况。     

货押贸易融资风险分析及对策

近年来,我国经济实力不断提升,贸易量持续上涨。随着货物贸易市场的扩大,从事货物贸易的企业所面临的一大问题就是如何获取资金以保障正常经营。不断增大的融资需求使货押逐渐成为企业向金融机构申请融资时一项主要的担保措施。货押贸易融资业务不断增加的同时,其风险不断暴露。论文从货押贸易融资的概念与方式入手,针对货押贸易融资所产生的政策法律风险、权属风险、重押风险等,提出完善押品登记手段、细化押品监管及货押贸易融资业务的管理流程、制定标准化监管流程、搭建监管信息共享平台等措施建议。