When do firms benefit from university–industry R&D collaborations? The implications of firm R&D focus on scientific research and technological recombination

Firms' access to academic discoveries through R&D collaborations has been shown to enhance their patent performance. However, increasing both internal and external R&D activities can lead to high knowledge redundancy and coordination costs. This paper examines what kind of R&D focus inside the firm will improve or reduce the benefits of R&D collaborations with universities. Our results show that technological recombination focus strengthens the relationship between university collaborations and patent performance, whereas scientific research focus weakens the relationship. These results also differ between young and old firms, implying that firms may shift their R&D focus according to their collaborative objectives.     

基于仓单质押模式的物流金融风险管理研究

针对仓单质押模式下的物流金融风险提出了控制与规避措施,如建立一体化的质押物信息系统、将物流企业分级、做好市场调研等,促进银行、第三方物流企业与融资企业的共同发展。     

银行信用与商业信用的桥接匹配：渤海“票据池”案例

银行承兑汇票等票据传统的融资变现渠道是分散型的零售交易模式。某银行设计应用票据池质押融资业务模式,将点状随机的市场交易纳入理性预期统筹的范围,通过“池化”市场存量票据,打包质押,开展信贷融资业务。这种新模式创造并利用了“集约担保”与“或有担保”的理念,灵活桥接了商业信用与银行信用,实现了信贷市场营销关系的渠道化创新。     

Role of home and host country innovation systems in r&d internationalisation: a patent citation analysis

This paper has three novelties. First, we argue that any given R&D facility’s capacity to exploit and/or augment technological competences is a function not just of its own resources, but the efficiency with which it can utilise complementary resources associated with the relevant local innovation system. Just as asset-augmenting activities require proximity to the economic units (and thus the innovation system) from which they seek to learn, asset-exploiting activities draw from the parent’s technological resources as well as from the other assets of the home location’s innovation system. Furthermore, we argue that most firms tend to undertake both asset exploiting and augmenting activities simultaneously. Second, we use patent citation data from the European Patent Office to quantify the relative asset augmenting vs. exploiting character of foreign-located R&D. Third, we do so for European MNEs located in the US, as well as US MNEs located in Europe. Our results indicate that both EU (US) affiliates in the US (EU) rely extensively on home region knowledge sources, although they appear to exploit the host country knowledge base as well.     

A model for measuring and ranking a firm’s patent portfolio

ABSTRACT

Patent quality (PQ) is a critical and complex factor of a firm’s patent strategy. We posit that the existing PQ models and their methodological approaches are limited in their ability to address the multiple priorities of PQ – a firm’s strategic intentions, its stakeholders and balancing technology superiority and legal validity. We advance PQ literature by identifying the fourth generation of strategic PQ indicators and propose a hybrid multi-criteria model, based on AHP–TOPSIS, for patent portfolio measurement. The proposed PQ model provides a simple template that can guide the decisions of patent managers pursuing high quality patent portfolios. We test the PQ model by applying it in two sectors: 3G WCDMA telecommunications and biotechnology.     

应收账款质押登记应用探析

应收账款质押融资登记是质权公示的重要手段,中国人民银行应收账款质押登记公示系统是我国第一个基于现代动产担保登记理念建设的登记系统。,结合登记公示系统运行现状,对现行应收账款质押登记制度存在的问题进行分析,并提出相关对策建议,以期进一步优化应收账款质押登记。     

封闭回款协议与应收账款质押之比较——兼论应收账款质押制度的完善

实践中被广泛运用的封闭回款协议本质上是一种应收账款担保融资途径,但因为缺乏有效的公示方法,贷款人的优先受偿权并不具有对抗第三人的效力,以致该协议并不能实现有关主体的预期目的。应收账款担保融资的现实需求决定了完善现行应收账款质押制度的迫切性。将通知付款人（第三债务人）规定为应收账款质权的设立要件,是完善应收账款质权理论和实现当事人利益均衡的双重需要。     

网络社群系统识别、结构特征及位置关系研究——以电子信息材料联合专利网络为例

从我国电子信息材料行业联合专利网络抱团现象出发，以中国国家知识产权局（SIPO）专利数据库为数据来源，通过G-N算法的模块度指标，动态识别该行业联合专利网络社群结构特征，并从整体层次分析社群的位置关系。结果表明，我国电子信息材料行业存在明显的社群结构；创新网络中的社群结构具有内部连接紧密、外部连接稀疏的特征，在一定时间范围内呈现社群规模和数量保持相对稳定的系统特征；社群在创新网络中扮演着领导人及经纪人角色。通过对联合专利网络社群的剖析，有助于了解企业合作研发行为，同时为网络社群治理和网络权力配置研究提供新视角。     

Intellectual Property and Unfair Trade: Market Response to ITC Actions

Firm-specific wealth effects associated with US International Trade Commission Section 337 investigations of intellectual property right infringements are estimated. A major finding is that the 337 protection is valuable to complainant firms, but the timing of wealth effects suggests differing motivations for firms which pursue this remedy. Other findings are that firms involved in concurrent District Court litigation and firms with greater number of respondents are less likely to settle their case prior to an ITC determination. Recent statutory changes in Section 337 also appear to have increased complainant firms' incentives to settle.