Conditional inference procedures for the Laplace distribution when the observed samples are progressively censored

In this paper, we develop procedures for obtaining confidence intervals for the parameters of a Laplace distribution as well as upper and lower γ probability tolerance intervals for a proportion β, given a progressively Type-II right censored sample from the Laplace distribution. The intervals are obtained by conditioning on the observed values of the ancillary statistics. The intervals are exact, do not require numerical integration, and generalize the work of Childs and Balakrishnan (1996) who considered the conventional Type-II right censored case. Received: February 2000     

加快彩票业发展的税收政策思考

彩票业在许多国家被称为“软财政”、“准税收”，在财政融资、筹集资金方面发挥着相当重要的作用。目前我国还没有专门针对彩票的税收政策，在现有对彩票的征税办法中，对中奖所得未规定必要的费用扣除，对彩票中奖所得采用较低的税收负担，对代销单位收取“过重”的营业税，严重影响了彩票市场的健康发展。社会各界对是否该开征彩票税争论不休。应从税法的公平与效率原则出发，并结合我国彩票市场的发展形势，确定我国彩票市场各发展阶段的税收政策。     

金融发展的“中国模式”探析——基于“中国之谜”与制度变迁的视角

基于"中国之谜"和制度变迁的视角我们发现金融发展的"中国模式"有如下基本内涵:(1)政府主导的强制性、自上而下的制度变迁;(2)"渐进式"的增量改革;(3)政府主导市场化改革的"次大国模式"。中国金融发展变迁的路径依赖性及高度统一的金融体制起主导作用的初始条件,决定了我国金融发展模式的特殊路径与顺序选择。理解金融发展"中国模式"的关键是剖析政府因素和其他市场因素在金融市场化改革过程中的博弈与耦合。     

The long run effects of changes in tax progressivity

This paper compares the steady-state outcomes of revenue-neutral changes to the progressivity of the tax schedule. Our economy features heterogeneous households who differ in their preferences and permanent labor productivities, but it does not have idiosyncratic risk. We find that increases in the progressivity of the tax schedule are associated with long-run distributions with greater aggregate income, wealth, and labor input. Average hours generally declines as the tax schedule becomes more progressive implying that the economy substitutes away from less-productive workers toward more-productive workers. Finally, as progressivity increases, income inequality is reduced and wealth inequality rises. Many of these results are qualitatively different than those found in models with idiosyncratic risk, and therefore suggest closer attention should be paid to modeling the insurance opportunities of households.     

中国利率市场化达到什么程度

中国利率市场化在曲折中前进,实现了货币市场与债券市场的市场化改革,然而具有决定性意义的存贷款利率市场化程度相对滞后。包括商业银行、国有企业在内的微观主体的市场化程度对中国利率市场化改革的未来具有决定性作用。对于中国这样一个仍处于转轨中的大国来说,所谓"利率的充分市场化"殊不可取,改革必须行渐进之路。     

Thorstein Veblen as Evolutionary Feminist Economist of the Progressive Era

Abstract

Just prior to the turn of the twentieth century, Thorstein Veblen advanced an evolutionary approach to feminist economics. A host of scholars considered in this inquiry are noted to have endorsed and also furthered his tradition. What distinguishes Veblen’s evolutionary approach to feminist economics is that he emphasizes that the roots of private property can be related to women being taken captive through warfare during the Age of Savagery. Instincts affecting behavior are viewed as relative constants, but which take on an evolutionary character when considered against what Veblen defines as four stages of social and economic development.     

“Un-American” or unnecessary? America’s rejection of compulsory government health insurance in the Progressive Era

Between 1915 and 1920, 18 U.S. states considered the introduction of compulsory health insurance. Progressive reformers expected state health insurance to be welfare enhancing for American wage-workers since it would result in lower cost insurance and an extension of coverage to more of the population. The evidence presented in this paper indicates that the absence of broad political support for health insurance legislation in this early period reflects that compulsory insurance would not have improved on what was available and affordable through voluntary arrangements and had the potential to reduce the welfare of wage-earners.     

贫困地区农民收入水平与“新农合”

新型农村合作医疗制度设计初衰在于让贫困农民家庭能够看得起病,提高农村的社会保障水平。但实际操作中,在参合费用不断上涨的情况下,那些最为贫困的家庭恰好倾向于选择不参合新型农村合作医疗。应用统计数据和质性资料说明在研究个案中：贫困农民家庭的收入水平与参合新型农村合作医疗的意愿呈正相关关系。引进“累进刺”的资金管理和使用办法可以有效提高贫困农民家庭的参合意愿。     

税率调整:强化我国个人所得税收入分配调节效应的选择

个人所得税在调节收入分配上具有其他税种无法相比的优势。在我国,其收入分配调节功能却未充分发挥,甚至在一些年份出现逆调节现象。本文通过分析我国个人所得税收入分配逆调节效应的原因,认为:课税模式、费用扣除标准和税率都对个人所得税收入分配调节作用产生影响。但通过对这三者的分析,认为个人所得税税率的调整才是强化个税收入分配调节功能的重心。