Specialization or diversification? The situation and transition of households’ livelihood in agricultural heritage systems

Zhagana Agriculture-Forest-Animal Husbandry Composite System (ZCS) is the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site in the Tibetan Plateau. Similar to many traditional agricultural regions, with the development of tourism and leisure agriculture, the peasant households in ZCS have gradually changed their livelihood strategies and livelihood activities in the past 10 years, resulting in the disappearance of some traditional farming methods and agricultural landscapes with a long history. By taking livelihood assets as the entry point and livelihood strategies as the core, this paper analyzed the basic situation of households’ livelihood and the transition mechanism of different livelihood strategies in order to offer suggestions for the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Agricultural Heritage Systems (AHS). (1) The livelihood strategies of peasant households in ZCS can be divided into two major categories: specialized strategies and diversified strategies. (2) According to the empirical calculation of the livelihood asset accounting framework of AHS, the average livelihood asset value of peasant households in ZCS is 2.040, showing that the situation of peasant households’ livelihood is inadequate. (3) The transition of peasant households’ livelihood strategies from traditional strategy to specialized or diversified livelihood strategies is mainly influenced by natural assets, human assets, cultural assets, social assets and informational assets. In order to meet the growing material and spiritual needs of peasant households and achieve the sustainable development of ZCS simultaneously, it is suggested that the agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry-tourism composite strategies shall be taken as the development direction of peasant households’ livelihood strategies.     

云南九大高原湖泊的演变与生态安全调控

系统梳理了云南九大高原湖泊(滇池、洱海、抚仙湖、程海、泸沽湖、杞麓湖、星云湖、阳宗海、异龙湖)的演变历程,依据湖泊演化阶段、湖泊生态系统发育阶段、流域社会经济特征、湖泊富营养化阶段、水质类别、生态安全水平、主导功能核心导向划分9个湖泊的管理类型,并提出了预防型、控制型、治理型湖泊流域生态安全调控途径。     

黄土高原地区气候与北大西洋、低纬地区的遥相关

西风带是北大西洋气候区和东亚季风区的纽带,ENSO对西太平洋副高、东南季风和西南季风都有重要影响,因此,对黄土高原地区气候与北大西洋、ENSO区的关系做了进一步的分析,建立了神经网络模型,其模拟值与真实值趋势一致,误差较小,为气候预测的估算提供了新的思路。     

How career plateau beliefs and leader interpersonal unfairness harm job performance in dysfunctional organizational settings

Building on social exchange theory and attribution theory, this study unpacks the relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational politics and job performance, considering the mediating effect of career plateau beliefs and the moderating effect of leader interpersonal unfairness. The findings provide empirical support for the theoretical predictions. An important reason for which perceptions of dysfunctional organizational politics reduce job performance is that employees develop beliefs that opportunities for their career development are limited. This mediating role of career plateau beliefs is particularly salient to the extent that employees are exposed to organizational leaders who treat them with disrespect. Organizations can mitigate the risk that highly politicized decision-making processes lead to negative performance outcomes by stimulating fair interpersonal relationships.     

青藏线运输能力适应性综合评价分析

在分析影响青藏线运输能力因素的基础上,建立了青藏线运输能力适应性模糊综合评价指标体系和模型,分3个层次对该线运输能力适应性进行综合评价,认为青藏线运输能力适应性水平是高的,整个运输组织方案是可行的,但还需对特大灾害和事故下的应对方案和措施进行研究。     

青藏铁路格拉段货物列车开行方案

根据青藏铁路格拉段特殊的自然、经济条件和铁道第一勘察设计院提供的车流量预测资料,结合实际运营经验,编制出区段重空车流斜表,再根据列车牵引重量和各区间的车流量,确定管内列车的行车量,从而编制格拉段的货物列车开行方案。     

青藏铁路格拉段货运车流组织及货物列车开行方案

根据铁道第一勘察设计院在青藏铁路格拉段设计可行性研究报告中对各站货物到发量预测,分析了格拉段的货流特点,提出了适应高原特点的车流组织原则,设计确定了青藏铁路格拉段的货物列车开行方案。     

熔岩台地矮曲林土壤溶液吸光度与土壤碳、氮含量的相关性

通过对五大连池新期火山熔岩台地白桦、香杨、山杨3个林型的矮曲林45个样本进行14个波长(250、254、260、265、272、280、285、300、340、350、365、400、436和465 nm)土壤溶液吸光度以及土壤有机碳和全氮含量的测定,旨在探讨土壤溶液吸光度对土壤碳氮指标的指示作用以及不同林型对该作用的...     

鄂尔多斯高原及毗邻地区历史城市发展的影响因素

结合文物资料和前人研究成果,在2003—2007年多次野外实地考察的基础上,对我国农牧过渡带—鄂尔多斯高原及毗邻地区历史城市发展的影响因素进行了分析。结论指出,过渡地区特殊的生态环境和特殊的军事地理环境是该地区城市发展的基本因素;地缘政治形势的变化形成该地区城市发展的强大杠杆;国防战略和防卫要求对城市数量和规模具有重要影响;草原民族势力的收缩与扩张是该地区城市发展的重要指示器;过渡性地理环境基础上的低水平的土地承载力和区域经济是该地区城市发展的制约因素。     

西藏青藏铁路沿线地热资源开发利用方向思考

十八大报告提出大力推进生态文明建设,而地热资源作为节能环保的新型能源,其合理开发利用具有重要的现实意义和客观前景。西藏自治区青藏铁路沿线在地热资源开发利用中存在的问题：开发利用程度低、利用少;利用不合理;综合利用水平低、资源浪费严重;地热资源利用不充分;开发程度不足等。建议：加强发电尾水对热田的回灌;加强利用地热资源供暖;进行地热流体中有用元素可利用性研究;加强地热理论与应用技术研究等。