黄土高原水土保持社会效益评价——以定西地区为例

通过科学分析,建立黄土高原水土保持社会效益评价系统,并确定系统中各评价因子的评价标准和评价指数。在此基础上,采用层次分析法以定西地区为例确定评价指数权重,并对该区水土保持社会效益进行评价,对评价结果进行分析。分析结果表明:定西地区水土保持社会效益的各项指标偏低,其中土地治理指数极差;劳动力结构相似指数一般;居住舒适指数较差;粮食安全指数评价一般;土地效率指数和劳动效率指数均在一般标准底线徘徊。但同时评价数据显示,近10年来定西地区水土保持社会效益各项指标均呈上升趋势,说明该区近年来水土保持取得了明显社会效益,向好的方向发展。     

内蒙古高原温带草地畜牧业可持续发展评价

[目的]探讨畜牧业可持续发展,有利于保护区域草原资源和促进经济发展。[方法]以内蒙古高原温带草地为研究对象,通过构建畜牧业可持续发展评价指标体系,采用熵权系数法确定各指标权重,进而通过加权函数法计算可持续发展指数综合评价值。[结果]要素层和指标层中权重存在一定的差异,其中要素层的权重从大到小依次为自然资源(0. 309)、社会因素(0. 278)、草原资源(0. 267)和经济因素(0. 146),说明自然资源对草原畜牧业可持续发展的影响最大,而自然资源中气温的权重最大(0. 115),社会因素中草原产权制度的权重最大(0. 104),草原资源中牧民草场面积的权重最大(0. 094),经济因素中饲草利用率的权重最大(0. 072)。而内蒙古高原温带草地畜牧业的可持续发展指数为0. 428,说明目前该地区的畜牧业可持续发展水平处于中等水平,也就是说仍需进一步加强建设,以达到较高或高水平。[结论]基于评价结果,提出内蒙古高原温带草地畜牧业未来可持续发展的建议,为该区域畜牧业可持续发展指明方向。     

高寒牧区草原生态安全评价研究  ———以甘南玛曲草原为例

在状态—压力—响应模型的指导下,设计高寒牧区草原的生态安全评价体系,运用熵权法和综合评价法对黄河水源重要补给区玛曲草原进行实证分析.结果表明:玛曲草原的生态环境呈现出不断恶化趋势;在压力指标中,超载过牧是影响草原生态安全的重要因素,其根本原因是原料型畜牧业发展模式.因此,高寒牧区在选择草地经济发展模式时应优先考虑生态安全,实现畜牧经济和草原生态的持续发展.     

川西高原农牧业与生态环境耦合协调度量化研究

[目的]研究农牧业与生态环境的可持续发展对于川西地区区域经济发展具有重要意义,为今后治理川西地区生态环境提供参考。[方法]文章在分析川西高原农牧业与生态环境发展现状基础上,运用物理学中的耦合理论,构建耦合评价指标体系,并分析农牧业与生态环境二者间的耦合协调关系。[结果]2000~2013年川西高原农牧业综合评价指数总体呈上升趋势,而生态环境综合评价指数总体呈下降趋势;耦合度在14年间基本保持在0.49左右;耦合协调度呈反复上升下降的波动趋势,总体呈下降趋势,变化率极小,耦合协调度的类型14年间都处于中度耦合协调。[结论]农牧业与生态环境之间存在明显的耦合关系,二者相互作用,彼此影响。两系统耦合协调等级较低,均濒临失衡,而农牧业与生态环境之间的对比关系类型逐渐由生态环境敏感型转变为生态环境风险型,有向生态环境恶化型转变的趋势,各地区当中阿坝州的恶化情况最为严重,攀枝花市状况较好。     

高原夏菜产业发展现状、存在问题及对策建议——基于甘肃省榆中县的调研

高原夏菜是在西北高原地区冷凉气候条件下生产的蔬菜,在国内外市场上具有较高知名度。文章通过实地调研与查阅相关文献资料,以甘肃省榆中县为例分析总结了高原夏菜产业发展现状。经过多年的发展壮大,高原夏菜形成了产业化发展格局,开拓了稳定的内外市场,培育了国内知名的品牌,带动了农民增收致富。通过调研发现,当前产业发展存在着产业链条受限,科技支撑不足;产业主导力弱,抵御市场风险能力不强;种植规模分散,组织化程度低;农民种植水平不高,技术推广力度不足;尾菜等废弃物处理不当,造成环境污染与浪费等问题。在总结分析产业发展现状与存在问题的基础上,提出了强化政策统筹,健全产业发展机制;加强科技支撑,促进产学研结合;加快品牌建设,创新产销模式;发展规模种植,促进标准化生产;夯实农民培训,加强农技推广体系建设等方面的对策建议。     

高原环境下导弹装备训练风险管理策略研究

导弹装备作为高技术产品,其操作训练比较复杂,随着环境的变化,其安全风险也在发生变化。为了确保装备训练的安全性,降低训练风险,本文通过分析风险处置的策略,设计导弹装备训练风险预警系统,对导弹装备训练风险加强管理,进而在一定程度上为高原环境下导弹装备训练风险管理提供参考依据。     

Potential for recoupling production and consumption in peri-urban territories: The case-study of the Saclay plateau near Paris,France

With growing urbanization worldwide, urban sprawl is leading to the extension of peri-urban areas in most countries. These dynamic areas, subjected to pressure from urban planning, are contributing to the uncoupling of consumption and local agriculture. In this article we study the feasibility of recoupling production and consumption within the agri-food system of the peri-urban area of the Saclay plateau near Paris.By using a nitrogen flow analysis based on the concept of territorial ecology, we analysed quantitative and qualitative data providing information in terms of system performances. By calculating two local efficiency indicators (one production-based indicator and one consumption-based) and a self-sufficiency capacity indicator, we assess the current and potential coupling between production and consumtion. A typology of farming systems was constructed to assess the more efficient type of farms in terms of “localisation within the agri-food system.The Saclay plateau has many assets to increase local agri-food system efficiency and to work towards “agricultural symbiosis”. However, a number of obstacles remain on both the production and the demand sides. Our study illustrates the lack of consideration of the productive function of urban and peri-urban agriculture in urban planning projects. The methods developed and the results achieved are a step towards a better integration of food issues in land planning.     

R&D professionals' reactions to the career plateau: Mediating effects of supervisory behaviours and job characteristics

A career plateau is defined as that point in a person's career which represents a cessation of both lateral and upward movement between jobs. The present study elaborates the idea that a fuller understanding of individual reactions to the career plateau can be achieved by considering supervisory behaviours and job characteristics as variables transmitting the influence of career plateauing to behavioural and attitudinal reaction measures. It is suggested that supervisors invest less attention and resources in plateaued employees and that plateaued employees are assigned to jobs with less motivating potential. Analyses of questionnaire data from 618 R&D professionals in 11 large West German firms show that there are significant differences between plateaued R&D professionals (i. e. those subjects with at least 10 years of job tenure) and a nonplateaued comparison group (i. e. respondents with not more than 6 years of job tenure) controlling for age as a potential confounding influence. Specifically, plateaued R&D professionals indicate less working hours, to be less satisfied with their career and their work, to be less involved in their work, and they tend to produce less publications and patents per year of company tenure. Furthermore, considerable differences are found between one's immediate supervisor's behaviours (e. g. provision of job-related performance feedback) reported by plateaued professionals and their non-plateaued counterparts. However, even after controlling the mediating effects of supervisory behaviours and job characteristics variables plateauing still had a small, but significant detrimental effect on 3 out of 6 reaction measures. Implications are outlined for organizational career management activities.     

青藏铁路建设对沿线经济结构和经济布局的影响

交通运输是国民经济的重要组成部分。铁路作为对沿途区域经济影响最大的交通运输方式,对经济发展的影响意义深远。文章以青藏铁路为例,重点从经济结构和经济布局两个方面研究分析青藏铁路对其沿线经济的影响:①对三次产业结构的影响;②对工业结构的影响;③对能源生产和消费结构的影响;④对旅游业的影响;⑤对西藏经济布局和城镇发展的影响;⑥对格尔木城市发展的影响。最后就未来该地区的投资方向与重点的调整提出了几点建议。     

高原公路养护现状与发展

本文从高原公路的养护现状出发,着重的论述了高原公路养护中的病害问题和养护管理中存在的问题,并详细的分析了高原公路今后的发展方向,为高原公路的发展引出了一条新路。