城市地名规划及命名规则

随着城市化的迅速推进,城市各类地名大量出现,城市地名管理面临诸多问题.由于城市地名重要的实用指位价值和历史文化价值,同时,"有偿地名"开始出现并成为"经营城市"的一个方面,因此,应将城市道路地名规划等作为专项规划纳入统一的城市规划体系之中.鉴于城市地名规划尚不能完全解决所有问题,建议还须制定"城市地名命名规则",该规则应按照不同类型、区域和级别的地名规定命名原则,使各类地名(如道路、居住区、建筑物等)形成体系(通名系列),各区地名(按照城市发展时序和空间分隔)形成特色(专名),各级地名(重要地名和一般地名)由不同级别机构或业主个体,经由不同程序,区分有偿无偿等来确定.     

Agricultural pesticides and land use intensification in high,middle and low income countries

We study levels and trends in agricultural pesticide use for a large cross-section of countries using FAO data for the period 1990–2009. Our analysis shows that a 1% increase in crop output per hectare is associated with a 1.8% increase in pesticide use per hectare but that the growth in intensity of pesticide use levels off as countries reach a higher level of economic development. However, very few high income countries have managed to significantly reduce the level of intensity of their pesticide use, because decreases in insecticide use at higher income levels are largely offset by increases in herbicide and fungicide use. The results also show very rapid growth in the intensity of pesticide use for several middle income countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Cameroon, Malaysia and Thailand. Complementing our analysis with data from the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC), we show that hazardous pesticides covered in the PIC procedure are more weakly regulated in lower than in higher income countries. We discuss the policy challenges facing developing countries with a rapid growth in pesticide use and recommend a four-pronged strategy, including an environmental tax on pesticides with revenues allocated to long-term investments in awareness building, the development of integrated crop management methods and the setting of food safety standards. The interactions between these measures should help contribute to the effectiveness of the overall strategy package.     

美国金融科技最新立法监管动态及对我国的启示

金融科技有助于降低交易成本、提高市场效率,但同时也因其“空白型金融创新”的特质给传统金融监管方式带来严峻挑战。美国在金融科技的立法方面,强调“建章立制,立法先行”,创制法律规范具有前瞻性;在监管方面,秉持“负责任的创新”的监管理念,创新监管范式,力求实现金融创新与合法合规之间的动态平衡。我国可合理借鉴美国的立法和监管经验,加强金融科技的顶层设计和立法建设,创制新的专门性立法,构建有利于金融科技发展的监管协调机制,研究以行为监管为导向的监管范式,构建包容性监管制度,探索完善中国式“监管沙箱”机制,最终建构“技术驱动型”的金融监管体系。     

环境规制是否影响了污染密集型行业的比较优势?

环境规制是否以及如何影响了污染密集型行业的比较优势?现有理论和经验研究均对此尚无定论。本文运用中国省级数据检验了中国地区环境规制对污染密集型行业比较优势的影响。结果显示,环境规制程度更强的地区在污染密集型行业的比较优势更强。而且在加入了控制变量和考虑内生性问题之后,该结论依然稳健。这表明,中国没有发生国家层面的"碳泄漏"①。本文进一步指出,要素禀赋假说和波特假说在中国的成立可能是产生上述结果的原因。     

国外政府规制对我国零售业管理的启示

本文认为,政府在零售业方面符合自身发展特色的规制及正确定位,对经济增长起着重要的促进作用。当前我国零售业政府规制缺乏整体发展战略,规制体系不完善,规制执行软弱无力。为了促进我国零售业管理变革,文章提出,应建立长远的商业规划和布局,确定零售业合理的发展速度和方向,建立完善的政策法规体系,充分发挥行业协会的监督管理作用,保证规制的有效执行,培养强大的消费者利益集团。     

注册会计师行业独立型监管模式有效性研究——基于美国PCAOB运作情况的分析

独立型监管机构具有更高的独立性、更大的法定权威和更集中的监管权限等有利条件,但缺乏基于社会声誉的权威,同时存在外部约束弱化、过度监管和行业专门知识利用不足等问题.独立型监管模式的有益经验值得借鉴,但必须注意其有效性不是无条件的.我国可考虑设立类似于美国PCAOB的相对独立、专司其职、权限集中、有充分法律授权和充足经费保障的监管机构,但须深入分析我国国情,设计出在权威、激励和知识三个维度上均能提高监管效率的改革方案.     

论成本变化规律的对偶性及其意义

文章基于总结规律以指导生产实践和课堂教学之目的,论述各种短期成本的四阶段变化规律及其内在联系,各种长期成本的四阶段变化规律及其内在联系,以及长短期诸多成本规律两两之间和群体内在联系之间的对偶性,并分析其对偶性差异及其产生原因。阐释各种长期成本曲线与各种短期成本曲线所处位置的对偶性及其原因,揭示了长期总成本曲线、长期平均成本曲线与生产扩展线之间的对偶性。     

Freeing Greece from capital controls: Were the restrictions enforced in time?

Recent developments in Greece have caused for the implementation of banking capital controls on the outflow of funds, a policy decision not uncommon, especially in emerging markets. However, the issues of the Greek economy, which seem to stem from the public sector but have been passed on to the banking sector, pose a unique challenge to researchers. In this paper, we employ VBanking, an object-oriented model for banking simulations to examine whether capital controls in Greece were enforced at the appropriate time. Additionally, we propose that the banking sector will not purge this regulation soon. Finally, we demonstrate the destructive effects of capital controls both on the financial system and on the real economy. We present the empirical results of our work, which suggest that the Greek authorities’ response to the deterioration of the banking sector was lagged.     

What Motivates Experts to Share? A Prospective Test of the Model of Knowledge‐Sharing Motivation

Knowledge sharing is an employee behavior, critical to organizational success in knowledge‐intensive work environments. This study set out to empirically test the model of knowledge‐sharing motivation designed and presented in this journal by Gagné (2009). The model combines two established behavioral theories, the theory of planned behavior and self‐determination theory, and connects various human resource practices to it. This prospective survey study ( n = 200) in a large expert organization employed structural equation modeling. The results mainly supported the proposed model, with attitudes, autonomous motivation, and sharing norms predicting knowledge‐sharing intentions ( R² = .69), which predicted knowledge‐sharing behavior ( R² = .42). We also identified potential ways to modify the model to better suit typical knowledge‐sharing contexts. Implications for practice, with the emphasis on how our findings can benefit and be used by human resource management, are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

环境规制对企业生产率有好处吗？——来自企业层面数据的证据

利用2006年1000多家中国企业的调查数据,采用最小二乘法和Tobit模型实证研究了环境规制对企业生产率的影响及机制。结果表明环境规制本身与企业生产率之间存在着稳定、显著的正向关系;环境规制强度与企业生产率之间也存在着稳定、显著的正向关系;不同规模和不同地理位置的企业其生产率呈现不同的表现,企业对环境成本上升带来的消化能力有差异。经过稳健性检验,研究结论也依然成立。