不同所有制企业创新主体地位评价 ——规模与效率双重视角的研究

推动企业成为创新决策、研发投入、科研组织和成果应用的主体,是实施创新驱动发展战略的关键。针对企业创新主体地位较难衡量且缺乏考虑企业创新效率的问题,从规模视角入手,基于创新价值链分析,通过区分企业所有制性质,研究企业创新主体地位评价指标体系和评价方法。同时,结合BCC-DEA模型和DEA-Malmquist指数,从创新效率角度系统探讨企业创新主体地位。以上海为例的实证结果表明,上海企业在研发投入端的创新主体地位相对突出,但呈不断弱化趋势,尤其是R&D经费增长显著落后于科研机构和高等院校;在以发明专利为代表的产出端,企业创新主体地位尚不明显,且同样存在比重下滑迹象。外资企业年度创新效率表现最优,内资企业处于明显劣势,但得益于技术效率增长,科技创新全要素生产率保持年均微幅增长,而港澳台商投资企业创新效率存在递减态势。最后提出加强科技资源配置、挖掘科技产出、加大科技成果转化力度等建议。     

促进能源资源节约和环境保护的税收政策选择

从我国税收制度建设的进程来看,建立健全促进能源资源节约和环境保护的税收政策体系,应坚持奖惩结合与并重的原则。将奖励性的税收政策主要体现在增值税和企业所得税等税种上,而将惩罚性的税收政策主要体现在资源税、消费税以及环境税等税种上;将基于使用者付费原则的污染产品税的职责由资源税、消费税来承担,而将基于污染者付费原则的污染排放税的职责由环境税来承担。     

《矿产资源法》修正的宏观审视与微观设计

《矿产资源法》修订在宏观方向上应认识矿产资源的重要价值并加以保护,促进矿产资源的健康、可持续利用;肯认市场在矿产资源配置中的基础性地位,推动矿产资源市场协调有序发展;强化"依法治矿"思维,助力矿产资源治理体系现代化;秉持体系化理念,增强改革和修法的协同一致性.《矿产资源法》修订还应关注矿业权出让、矿业权流转、矿产资源保护与矿区生态维护、对矿业权人的监管与矿产资源的管理等具体制度规则,并于立法理念、概念规范、语言表述、法律责任等层面努力提升立法的科学化水平.     

省域科技资源配置状况评价——以湖南省"两型社会"建设中的科技配置为例

通过借助SPSS统计软件,采用聚类分析、相关分析、因子分析等统计方法,以湖南为例,对省域地级市的科技资源配置状况进行分析评价,反映出我国省域科技支撑体系的构建离两型社会建设的要求存在一定的差距,在以城市为核心的一定省域空间范围内,科技资源配置综合状况存在明显的区际差异,区际科技资源优化共享与协调利用机制有待创新性改进;同时科技资源的区际差异性、多样性也反映出省域科技资源存在相当的开发潜力,按照两型社会建设的要求,选择、配置、利用好省域科技资源,提升整体科技实力是实现省域经济转型的必要途径。     

Friends,family, or fools: Entrepreneur experience and its implications for equity distribution and resource mobilization

Who helps entrepreneurs raise the resources they need and how much equity does an entrepreneur distribute in return? We use a sample of 611 entrepreneurs in the U.S. to examine why some entrepreneurs are more likely than others to distribute ownership selectively to helpers. We find that entrepreneurs with specific industry experience and start-up experience are able to provide ownership more selectively and raise more resources from their helpers. We refine the categorization of social ties further to make a distinction between professional and familial ties to show that the ownership distribution and types of resource contributions vary by the mix of ties in the entrepreneur's helper network. Our findings have implications for theories of resource assembly, social structure and entrepreneurship, and organization design.     

Fitting strategic resources with product-market strategy: Performance implications

Resources, strategy, and performance inter-relationships are central to strategic marketing theory. Strategic resources are key inputs to product-market strategy that form the basis of superior firm performance. However, these inter-relationships are subject to ‘fit’ requirements. This article examines the hypothesis that greater fit between the strategic resources of marketing organizations and product-market strategy encourages superior financial and customer-market performance. This fit is most important to marketing organizations exhibiting either a Defender or Analyzer strategic orientation. No significant relationship is found for fit among Prospectors.     

The role of experiential and non-experiential knowledge in cross-border acquisitions: The case of Indian multinational enterprises

This paper investigates the antecedents of the internationalization of emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) through cross-border acquisitions. Using a panel data set of 1138 cross-border acquisitions made by 515 Indian multinational enterprises (MNEs) during 2000–2013, it examines interactions of in-house resources with experiential and non-experiential knowledge to explore how EMNEs manage and exploit their knowledge base when internationalizing. The results show that Indian multinational enterprises have ‘interface competence’. They combine in-house resources with experiential market and externally sourced technological knowledge for undertaking cross-border acquisitions. The Uppsala model provides insights in analyzing the role of market knowledge and the Global Factory model helps in analyzing the role of technology in cross-border acquisitions by EMNEs.     

Intangible resources of competitive advantage: Analysis of 49 Asian airlines across three business models

Without sustainable competitive advantage firms have limited economic reasons to exist and will decline. Competitive advantage concerns the factors which provide competitive strength. This paper is based upon the resource-based view which considers firm resources to be heterogeneous and which believes that firms only have a small bundle of core resources irrespective of their overall performance. This research establishes the role of 36 intangible resources for 49 Asian airlines across three business models: network airlines; low-cost subsidiaries from network airlines; and low-cost carriers. It uses the VRIN framework which examines whether resources are valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable. Research participants distribute points between their chosen seven resources according to their perceived role in firm performance. Resources which meet all four requirements of VRIN are considered core competences and sources of sustained advantage. Across all 49 Asian airlines, the top-three most important resources of advantage are slots, brand, and product/service reputation. While these core resources are predictable, they have not previously been proven within the context of airlines, let alone geographically and by airline model. Results show that the core bundle of resources vary for each model, which helps to explain the difference in performance across models, and that some resources which were expected to be high-ranking, such as organisational culture and customer focus, were not.     

人力资产价值化管理浅探

如何将人力资产纳入现有的价值管理体系在知识经济的背景下具有积极的现实意义。本文从四个角度对人力资产的价值化管理进行分析并给出了建议,认为必须首先解决人力资产的类型判定、计量方法、计量对象、投资者归属这四个基本问题才能真正促进人力资产价值化管理的有效实施。     

农业资源禀赋的地区差异与农业FDI的区位选择——基于中国省际数据的实证研究

本文采用PanelData模型和中国农业FDI的省际数据,对农业资源禀赋的地区差异与农业FDI的区位选择的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,农业资源非均衡分布,尤其是农业自然资源的地区差异,是导致农,2kFDI地区分布差异的根本原因。农,2kFDI一般都定位于农业自然资源丰裕的地区,然而当外商过度集中于这些地区时,可利用资源数量将会减少,获取资源的成本也会增加,进而诱发农,_lkFDI的空间转移。这可以在很大程度上解释农＆FDI为什么会从东部扩散到中部、由南方转移到北方的原因。农业外资政策制定的关键是合理引导外商投资与区域农业资源合理匹配,以促进跨国公司参与农业的积极影响。