Poverty and crime in 19th century Germany

We estimate the impact of poverty on crime in 19th century Bavaria, Germany. Rainfall is used as an instrumental variable for grain (rye) prices to address econometric identification problems in the existing literature. The rye price was a major determinant of living standards during this period. The rye price has a positive effect on property crime: a one standard deviation increased property crime by 8%. OLS estimates are twice as large as instrumental variable estimates, highlighting the value of our empirical approach. Higher rye prices lead to significantly less violent crime, though, and we argue that higher beer prices, caused by the higher rye prices, are a likely explanation.     

Foreclosure,vacancy and crime

This paper examines the impact of residential foreclosures and vacancies on violent and property crime. To overcome confounding factors, a difference-in-difference research design is applied to a unique data set containing geocoded foreclosure and crime data from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Results indicate that while foreclosure alone has no effect on crime, violent crime rates increase by roughly 19% once the foreclosed home becomes vacant – an effect that increases with length of vacancy. We find weak evidence suggesting a potential vacancy effect for property crime that is much lower in magnitude.     

Agglomeration,city size and crime

This paper analyzes the relationship between crime and agglomeration where the land, labor, product, and crime markets are endogenously determined. Our main theoretical findings are the following: (i) better accessibility to jobs decreases crime in the short run but may increase crime in the long run; (ii) the per-capita crime rate increases with city size; (iii) when allowing for endogenous policing, lower commuting costs make the impact of police on crime more efficient.     

空巢家庭与未成年人犯罪剖析--以农村留守和外来务工人员子女为例

空巢家庭问题一直是一个社会性问题。而在其背景下未成年人的犯罪呈现逐年递增的趋势。这无疑成为了限制社会发展的桎梏。它从根源上扼杀了国家的人才,与此同时也为社会带来了巨大的危害。预防和减少未成年人犯罪无疑成为了迫在眉睫的问题。     

Entrepreneurs' responses to semi-formal illegitimate institutional arrangements

While prior research has discussed how entrepreneurs deal with formal institutional voids and informal institutional environments, little is known about how entrepreneurs respond to institutional arrangements involving illegitimate actors. We define such arrangements as semi-formal illegitimate institutions. Using an exploratory study, we examine one such arrangement in Guatemala City, where organized crime dominates the institutional landscape in which entrepreneurs operate. We examine the strategic responses of these entrepreneurs, and find that they vary in the extent to which they resist semi-formal illegitimate institutions; some entrepreneurs engage in defiance, others avoid the illegitimate pressures, while others simply acquiesce. Upon further investigation, we find that the differences in entrepreneurs' network strength and network proximity, combined with their individual perception of threat and resource mobility, help to predict the different strategic responses.     

经济全球化对我国犯罪的影响

经济与犯罪的关系历来是犯罪学研究的重要课题。经济全球化作为一种经济发展趋势,会促进我国经济发展和社会进步。同时,经济全球化是一把“双刃剑”,在一定的时期内,它会对我国犯罪产生重要的影响,使犯罪总量上升、犯罪类型发生变化、犯罪呈国际化趋势。同时,经济全球化对我国的经济犯罪、有组织犯罪、职务犯罪等具体犯罪也会产生深远的影响。     

期货内幕交易罪立法之国际比较

期货内幕交易行为是期货市场的病毒,严重扰乱了期货市场秩序,其危害是导致了不公平竞争和非诚实信用.分析内幕交易行为的犯罪构成,比较各国(地区)禁止期货内幕交易行为的立法例.对于内幕交易行为的惩处方式,可增设剥夺从业资格.     

Preemptive collusion among corruptible law enforcers

This paper considers collusion between a supervisor and an agent within a Principal–Supervisor–Agent model. Other papers consider the possibility of collusion after the supervisor has exerted costly effort to obtain hard (“verifiable”) evidence regarding the agent’s actions, information which, if reported would result in the agent being fined with a certain probability. That is, collusion occurs because the supervisor may accept a bribe in exchange for hiding the information he has obtained. This paper allows the supervisor and the agent to enter into a collusive contract either before or after the supervisor has exerted effort to find verifiable information regarding the agent’s actions. The former type of collusion, which occurs after the supervisor has exerted effort, entails ex-post corruption, while the latter, which occurs before the supervisor has exerted effort, entails preemptive corruption. This paper shows that although raising the supervisor’s reward discourages ex-post corruption, it can simultaneously encourage preemptive corruption. Hence, raising the supervisor’s reward will not always discourage collusion. This result further implies that though privatizing law enforcement can always be used to eliminate ex-post corruption, it cannot be used to eliminate preemptive corruption. Furthermore, when compared to ex-post collusion, an equilibrium without corruption is always socially preferred. However, when compared to preemptive collusion, an equilibrium without corruption may not always be socially preferred.     

数额犯罪部分未遂问题研究

数额犯的本质是通过犯罪数额显现行为的社会危害程度。数额是一种特殊的犯罪情节,在我国刑法中,数额不仅包括犯罪起点数额,而且包括法定刑升格数额。由于连续犯和同种数罪在通常属于处断一罪,这就使得累计数额成为必要,但由于多次犯罪行为有的存在未遂状态,计算犯罪数额时就会出现一系列问题,同时犯罪的停止形态也成为变质疑之处,进而导致司法实践的量刑出现差异。以累积性犯罪数额为前提,综合整体既遂说和整体未遂说,可以克服各自缺点,实现量刑公正。     

The impact of crime on tourist arrivals in Jamaica

This paper examines the relationship between tourist arrivals and changes in the crime rate in Jamaica over the period 1962–1999. In particular, it uses a transfer function to account for variations in total arrivals and arrivals from the European market, owing to changes in the crime rate. The transfer function allows for the modelling of the immediate and delayed effect of crime rates on tourist arrivals. The paper finds first that although crime rates have a negative impact on tourism arrivals in both markets, it is of greater concern in the European market. Secondly, the impact of crime in the overall market is relatively small, because of increased advertising and promotion and the growth of all‐inclusive hotels. Finally the level of crime, especially violent crime, has to be reduced, because although the number of crimes against tourists has declined, high violent crime rates tend to raise concerns among tourists seeking a destination. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.