Technology spillover through trade and TFP convergence: 135 years of evidence for the OECD countries

Using a new dataset on imports of technology and total factor productivity (TFP) over 135 years for the OECD countries, this paper tests whether knowledge has been transmitted internationally through the channel of trade. The empirical estimates show that there is a robust relationship between TFP and imports of knowledge and that 93% of the increase in TFP over the past century has been solely due to imports of knowledge. Furthermore, it is shown that knowledge spillovers have been an important contributing factor behind the TFP convergence among the OECD countries over the period 1870 to 2004.     

出口、集聚与全要素生产率增长——基于制造业行业面板数据的实证研究

运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算了2000-2007年我国制造业28个行业的全要素生产率(TFP)及其分解指标,并将出口、集聚与TFP放在统一的框架下分析出口与集聚对TFP及其分解指标的影响。研究发现,制造业TFP年均增长4.3%,其中90%以上是由技术进步贡献的;行业之间的技术进步差距较小,技术效率变化差异较大,而后者是TFP增长差异的主要原因。出口和集聚的相互作用削弱了对TFP增长的影响,即便如此,出口仍显著促进了TFP增长,集聚对TFP及其分解指标均有明显的正向影响。市场化程度是制造业TFP增长和技术进步的最主要影响因素。     

铁路企业股权出资的风险防范

当前,资金难题困扰着大量的铁路企业,新的出资形式将不断步入铁路领域。结合股权出资的特点,重点研究股权出资对“资本制度的三原则”形成的冲击,分析股权出资的潜在风险,提出铁路企业股权出资的运用和风险防范建议。     

Economic contribution of essential air service flights on small and remote communities

The Essential Air Service Program (EAS) has attracted considerable criticism and has been a target for either modification or complete termination almost since its inception through the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978. Although its opponents emphasize the program's inefficiency, its supporters claim that the program is crucial to accessing small and remote communities, which helps them develop economically and socially. This paper demonstrates the economic contributions of EAS flights to small and remote communities. Using a two-stage least squares estimation, the major findings indicate that a 1% increase in air passenger traffic in EAS airports with a minimum annual air passenger traffic of 1000 likely leads to a 0.12% increase in per capita income of the community served by that airport. Our results also suggest that EAS communities that are able to sustain their subsidized flights experienced higher per capita income growth in the 1999–2011 period than did ex-EAS communities that lost their flights as a result of non-eligibility.     

毛泽东对建设学习型政党的历史贡献

中国共产党历来是一个重视学习、善于学习的政党。作为党的第一代领导人的毛泽东大力推动全党的学习,对建设学习型政党做出了重要的历史贡献。学习型政党在毛泽东时期已经基本形成雏形。全面总结和深入研究毛泽东对建设学习型政党的历史贡献,对于新时期建设学习型政党具有重要的现实意义和启示。     

MULTIDIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC RISK MEASURE VIA CONDITIONAL g‐EXPECTATION

This paper deals with multidimensional dynamic risk measures induced by conditional g‐expectations. A notion of multidimensional g‐expectation is proposed to provide a multidimensional version of nonlinear expectations. By a technical result on explicit expressions for the comparison theorem, uniqueness theorem, and viability on a rectangle of solutions to multidimensional backward stochastic differential equations, some necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the constancy, monotonicity, positivity, and translatability properties of multidimensional conditional g‐expectations and multidimensional dynamic risk measures; we prove that a multidimensional dynamic g‐risk measure is nonincreasingly convex if and only if the generator g satisfies a quasi‐monotone increasingly convex condition. A general dual representation is given for the multidimensional dynamic convex g‐risk measure in which the penalty term is expressed more precisely. It is shown that model uncertainty leads to the convexity of risk measures. As to applications, we show how this multidimensional approach can be applied to measure the insolvency risk of a firm with interacting subsidiaries; optimal risk sharing for ‐tolerant g‐risk measures, and risk contribution for coherent g‐risk measures are investigated. Insurance g‐risk measure and other ways to induce g‐risk measures are also studied at the end of the paper.     

国际外包承接对我国内资企业生产率的影响

跨国外包作为产品内专业化分工在国际市场的延伸,使参与其中的国家和行业生产都得到了专业化分工的好处。作为发展中国家,我国内资企业多利用劳动资源优势参与国际分工,即以外包的承接方身份参与跨国外包。本文首次从外包承接企业角度出发,利用我国制造业内资企业面板数据,实证分析了企业承接外包对其生产率的影响。结果表明,内资企业承接国内的外包业务并不会提高企业的生产率;但是企业承接国际外包会提高企业的生产率。这说明,内资企业在承接国际外包的情况下,能够从国外的外包商那里获得相应的生产技术、工艺或者经营管理知识,从而提高了企业的技术水平,促进了生产率的提高。     

改革开放三十年成都理工大学实验室建设与管理模式的探索与实践

我国高校经过几年的扩招,学校的规模不断扩大,这对高校的发展和建设提出了新的要求,也给高校实验室带来了新的发展机遇。通过不断的探索研究,我校进一步深化实验室管理体制和实验教学改革,提高实验室的利用率,加强实验技术队伍建设,把学校实验室建成为实践教学、科学研究工作的有效保证体系,为把我校建设成为高水平特色大学打下坚实基础。     

生产者服务业对制造业的贡献和拉动作用——基于合肥市的实证研究

随着经济全球化和国际产业专业化分工的发展,现代服务业特别是生产者服务业逐渐成为现代经济体中增长最为迅速和最具有活力的产业之一,其对制造业的贡献和拉动作用也愈发明显.基于合肥市生产者服务业对制造业贡献和拉动作用的实证分析,提出相应政策建议:合肥市应该大力发展物流服务业,全力发展商务服务业,加快发展金融服务业,进而形成发达的生产者服务业,全力打造中部地区现代制造业基地.     

长江三角洲地区服务业对经济发展贡献的比较研究

通过分析长江三角洲地区江、浙、沪2省1市服务业的发展特征,得出长江三角洲地区服务业发展存在明显差异,通过第三产业贡献率和产业结构弹性模型分析,对比了3个地区服务业对经济发展的贡献,最后得出上海市在服务业比重、服务业劳动效率、服务业平均发展速度和服务业贡献率等方面都明显高于浙江省、江苏省和全国平均水平;浙江省服务业在劳动效率、发展速度和贡献率方面均高于江苏省和全国平均水平,但浙江省的服务业产值比重没有明显高于全国平均水平;江苏省服务业发展规模虽然较大,但在服务业比重和劳动效率方面尚需努力。