中国高新技术企业认定政策绩效评估

高新技术企业认定政策是国家为扶持和鼓励高新技术企业发展而提出的一项重要政策，但其实施效果如何有待验证。采用2007、2010及2011年《中国工业企业数据库》数据，运用双重差模型对高新技术企业认定政策绩效进行评估。通过实证研究发现：①高新技术企业认定政策有助于提高企业市场价值及市场占有量；②高新技术企业认定政策对企业研发投入的增长影响不显著；③相对于中小型企业，高新技术企业认定政策对大型企业影响更大。最后，提出相应的政策建议，以期为我国高新技术企业认定政策完善提供启示。     

Welfare Policy and Precarious Lives: “Welfare Reform” Revisited

Abstract:

Although welfare reform has not been one of the most highly visible policy agendas for the Trump administration, restricting access to public assistance programs has been a part of proposals and actions in a number of areas. The Trump administration’s overall approach to welfare reform was articulated formally in 2018 in an Executive Order and a Council of Economic Advisers Report. To provide some context for a discussion of these two documents, the article begins with a discussion of the different meanings of “welfare reform” identified in institutionalist literature, and a brief overview of some important findings on the impacts of the 1996 welfare reform. It then highlights some key aspects of the Trump administration’s approach to welfare reform and responses from the poverty research and advocacy community.     

新旧所得税会计准则的比较

在新的《企业会计准则第18号——所得税》颁布前,我国没有所得税会计准则,只有《企业所得税会计处理的暂行规定》和《企业会计准则——所得税会计(征求意见稿)》,企业主要按照2001年颁布的《企业会计制度》的有关规定执行。本文在对新旧所得税会计准则立法角度、相关内容的比较分析后,举例说明资产负债表债务法下所得税的具体处理办法。     

Atypical work: a threat to labour productivity growth? Some evidence from Italy

Various theories suggest the existence of a negative relationship between the use of atypical employment contracts and productivity growth, arguing that firms’ utilisation of atypical contracts may reduce the incentive to innovate and internal training, inducing firms to follow a ‘low-road’ to competitiveness, based upon cost-cutting strategies.

This paper aims to provide new evidence on the occurrence of these effects in the Italian economy, where changes in labour legislation from the mid-Nineties onwards, associated with an ‘institutional’ wage moderation period, have brought about a significant process of job creation, but also an appreciable slowdown in labour productivity.

This issue is investigated using a microeconomic approach, taking a rich source of microdata for firms and estimating a dynamic model for labour productivity on a pseudo-panel of firms for the period 2003-2008.

The results support the hypothesis of a negative impact of external labour flexibility on labour productivity growth at firm level, such effect proving stronger for small and medium than for large enterprises and of varying magnitude for the different atypical contracts.     

我国区域经济政策与区域金融发展不平衡研究

改革开放以来,我国各地区金融发展呈现较大的不平衡性,一个重要的原因是我国金融发展是由政府特别是中央政府主导推动的。本文首先通过泰尔指数来描述区域金融发展的不平衡性,发现东、中、西和东北地区间及地区内均存在金融发展不平衡的问题,进而分析中央政府的财政、股票、利率等政策所带来的效应,发现区域政策会进一步加剧区域金融发展的不平衡性。     

Welfare under friction and uncertainty: General equilibrium evaluation of temporary employment in the U.S.

Temporary contracts usually fall outside of employee protection litigation, thus they are often cheaper than permanent contracts and are offered on-demand by firms. In the last two decades, there has been a sharp growth in such contracts in the U.S. labor market. This paper investigates the welfare consequences of offering temporary contracts in the U.S., an environment with low employee protection litigation and high production risk for firms. Employee protection litigation creates firing rigidity in regular labor markets. Pairing firing rigidity with high production risk, firms reduce employment and output, which generates welfare loss. The inexpensive and flexible nature of temporary contracts offers firms a buffer strategy in making employment decisions under risk and navigating the firing rigidity of the regular labor sector, thereby reducing welfare loss. However, temporary contracts cannot fully compensate for the efficiency cost from rising firing rigidity and risk.     

深圳市各区居民生活质量评价——基于topsis法的测度

本文从经济、基础设施、基本公共服务三个方面入手,利用TOPSIS法对深圳市六区的居民生活质量进行比较分析。结果表明,原特区内四区居民生活质量显著优胜于原特区外二区,且其内部之间也存在一定差距;经济水平差异并非评价居民生活质量优劣的唯一因素,基础设施的建设、基本公共服务的推进也不可或缺;各区应根据目前发展现状,以优势带动不足,最终达到改善居民生活质量、实现市域均衡发展的目标。     

中国农村经济区域协调发展研究——基于经济发展程度与金融发展模式差异的视角

金融作为现代经济的核心,对于农村经济的发展具有积极的促进作用,但是当前中国农村地区存在较大的经济和金融差异,这就决定了农村金融发展模式的多样性。本文运用省际数据对中国农村区域进行了聚类分析,依据经济发展的差异将中国农村分为三个区域,并指出采取差异化的农村金融发展模式将有利于中国农村经济区域协调发展。     

从隐喻看英汉词汇中的文化异同

语言、思维和文化三者相互影响、相互制约。隐喻思维与语言以及文化与语言密切相连。由于英汉隐喻思维的异同,作为语言的基本单位之一——词汇,在不同的文化中其使用也存在着异同,词汇的异同反映着英汉文化的异同。通过隐喻,可以从英汉词汇中看出文化的异同。     

“限购令”是抑制房价上涨的有效政策工具吗？

2010年以来我国政府实施的五次房地产宏观调控中,以数量管制性质的“限购令”最为严苛,“限购令”对近年来我国住宅价格快速上涨趋势产生了怎样的效果？本文按照户籍和限购地域两个标准对限购政策了进行细分,在倍差法的研究框架内,通过动态面板模型GMM估计来评估限购政策细则对抑制住宅价格上涨的效果。实证研究发现：(1)对非户籍购房人实施限购的政策效果最为明显;(2)限购范围影响政策效果,仅在市区范围内限购难以起到抑制房价上涨的作用。通过对限购政策效果的评估,本文认为,投资(投机)性需求是推动我国住宅价格上升的重要力量,我国房地产泡沫的根源在于我国粗放的经济增长方式,通过货币超发带动经济增长的发展模式是房地产泡沫的根源所在,也是我国房地产市场调控的难度所在。