新疆农业保险效率的实证研究——基于SE-SBM-DEA和Tobit模型的分析

[目的]文章以干旱地区新疆为例,通过选择新疆农业各类别中作物种植面积较大的种植品种及养殖业种类,综合测算2008~2013年新疆农业保险效率水平。[方法]运用SE-SBM-DEA模型,从技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率3方面对新疆农业保险效率进行实证研究,分析技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均与经济增长水平之间的关系,同时运用Tobit模型分析影响技术效率的宏观经济因素。[结果]新疆地区整体上保险效率较高,其中养殖业保险效率高于种植业;农业保险发展不均衡,种植面积和风险均较大的玉米、棉花、仁果类作物的保险效率较低,而种植比重相对不高、风险偏低的甜菜、蔬菜等作物的农业保险效率较高;另外养殖业保险效率水平较高,其中羊的养殖保险规模效率达到最优。[结论]基于此,进一步对影响保险效率的宏观经济因素进行分析并提出相应的政策及建议。     

生态认知、信息传递与农户生态耕种采纳行为

研究目的:探讨生态认知和信息传递对农户生态耕种采纳行为的影响规律,为制定农户生态耕种行为的激励政策提供参考。研究方法:实证研究法、熵值法和Tobit模型。研究结果:(1)正确的生态认知可以促进农户生态耕种采纳行为;(2)信息传递对农户生态耕种采纳行为具有明显的影响,经常和亲朋好友或农户就农业生产进行交流、获取生态耕种信息越容易、家到县城的距离越近的农户,其采纳生态耕种行为的可能性越大;(3)资源禀赋对农户生态耕种采纳行为也具有重要影响,年龄低、文化程度高、具有非农谋生手艺、家庭抚养系数小、农业收入比大的农户,其采纳生态耕种行为的可能性更大。研究结论:加强生态知识科普,提升农户生态认知水平;畅通生态耕种相关信息的传递,提高农户获取生态耕种技术的便利度;加大农村教育投入,培育现代农业经营主体。     

喀斯特地区农村能源消费特征及影响因素

[目的]喀斯特农村地区低值粗放的能源利用方式对原本脆弱的生态环境产生强烈胁迫,薪柴过度使用造成植被破坏,从而加剧土壤侵蚀,成为诱发石漠化的主要因素之一。明确不同喀斯特地区农村能源消费特征及影响因素以促进能源结构优化是喀斯特生态系统恢复的重要措施,也是社会—生态研究领域的一大议题。[方法]采用随机抽样的方式调查喀斯特峡谷、高原山地和槽谷3种不同地貌类型的石漠化治理示范区的能源结构特征与消费现状,利用Tobit和Logit模型对能源消费的影响因素进行回归分析。[结果](1)喀斯特地区用能结构单一,电力使用率达99. 31%,但对薪柴的替代进程缓慢,薪柴使用率仍高达83. 10%,其他能源使用率均不足50%,不同地貌区能源结构差异显著。(2)喀斯特地区农村能源消费量整体偏低且以薪柴消费为主导,人均能源消费量仅占全国人均消费量的40. 32%,薪柴消费量占总能耗的50. 69%,其余能源均不足20%,不同地貌区能源消费差异明显。(3)家庭人口数量、年纯收入、养殖牲畜数量、耕地面积、煤矿以及政策对喀斯特地区农村能源的消费具有显著影响,能源政策可以有效促进新能源使用。[结论]针对喀斯特峡谷区、高原山地区和槽谷区依次提出能源服务配套型、金融贷款合作型和企业入驻引资型3种模式建议,对优化喀斯特地区能源结构、保障石漠化治理成果具有一定的现实意义。     

基于企业生命周期理论的现金股利分配实证研究

本文在回顾西方股利政策理论的基础上,基于生命周期理论对股利政策的影响因素进行实证分析。我们以留存收益资产比作为企业生命周期的代理变量,选取沪市528家A股上市公司作为样本,采用2000—2008年间的数据,运用Logit模型、Tobit模型分别考察留存收益资产比和一些控制变量对上市公司是否支付现金股利、股利支付率的影响。研究发现,我国上市公司是否支付现金股利呈现生命周期特征,而现金股利支付率则不具有生命周期特征;在选取的控制变量中,增长率变量与股利发放显著负相关,从增长率这一角度看,暗合生命周期特征,资产收益率和公司规模变量与股利发放显著正相关。根据研究结论,本文建议证监会分行业制定公司的现金股利分配政策。     

Examining the impact of weather variability on non-commuters’ daily activity–travel patterns in different regions of Sweden

By jointly modelling the routine and leisure activity–travel engagements of non-commuters in different regions of Sweden, this paper explores the interactions between time allocation, travel demand and mode choice under different weather conditions. Combined weather and travel survey datasets that span a period of over 13 years were analysed. Simultaneous Tobit models were applied to explore the interactions among these activity–travel indicators, whilst municipalities’ unique conditions and heterogeneities between different time-points were taken into account. The model results reveal the trade-offs between routine and leisure activities in terms of activity duration, number of trips and travel time. Positive mutual endogeneity was found between slow-mode share in routine and leisure trips. The results also highlight the trade-offs between routine and leisure activities under abnormal weather conditions. Regional differences between weather effects are substantial due to differences in direct, indirect and total marginal effects. Between-municipality variability constitutes a considerable part of the variability in activity duration and travel time. Between-municipality variability in leisure activity duration and leisure travel time is larger in northern Sweden, while that of routine activity duration and routine travel time is larger in central Sweden, after weather and social demographics have been controlled.     

Airport performance in a tourism receiving country: Evidence from Greece

The aim of this study is to estimate the performance of 38 Greek airports. The analysis is performed in two stages. Firstly, efficiency scores for each airport are estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) original and bootstrap techniques. Secondly, statistical assessments (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests) and a censored Tobit regression model are employed to identify which factors significantly explain variations in the airport efficiency. The results indicated the scope for substantial efficiency improvements. In addition, island location, connectivity, and hotel infrastructure in the area were found to be significant factors affecting airport efficiency.     

中国农业效率测度及其影响因素分析——基于区域差异的视角

首先运用SEDEA模型和中国省际面板数据,计算2010—2014年中国七大区域31个省(自治区、直辖市)的农业效率,然后使用Tobit模型分析影响农业效率的因素。研究结果表明:2010—2014年间中国不同区域的农业效率在时间序列上表现得较为平稳,在横截面上表现出较大的差异;在总体上,效率由高到低的区域为东北、华东、西南、中南、华南、华北、西北;在影响因素中,经济条件、产业结构和教育水平都对区域农业效率呈现正面影响,面源污染对农业效率呈现负面影响。因此,为提升区域的农业效率,政府不仅需要增强区域经济实力,提高农村居民人均收入,而且要大力发展职业教育,增强农民的就业能力,还要重视面源污染对农业效率的负面影响,促进农业安全、高效、绿色发展。     

农户民间借贷需求影响因素的实证研究——以湘北234户农户的调查为例

通过对我国农业大省--湖南省华容县和安乡县农户的问卷调查,运用Tobit模型对农户借贷需求的影响因素进行实证研究.研究结果表明:农户的收入水平和农业生产支出对农户民间借贷需求具有显著的负向影响,而农户的非农业生产支出和文化教育支出对农户民间借贷需求则具有显著的正向影响.     

Deregulation, consolidation and banks efficiency in Singapore: Evidence from event study window approach and Tobit analysis

A three-year window analysis together with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach is employed to investigate the effects of mergers and acquisitions on the Singapore banking groups’ efficiency. The results suggest that the merger has resulted in a higher Singapore banking groups’ mean overall efficiency. We do not find evidence of more efficient acquirers compared to the targets and that the acquiring banks’ mean overall efficiency tends to improve from the merger with a more efficient bank. The Tobit regression results suggest that bank profitability has positive impact on bank efficiency, whereas poor loan quality has negative influence on bank performance. (JEL: G21, D24) All findings, interpretations, and conclusions are solely those of the authors’ and do not necessarily represent the views of the institutions to which they belong. We would like to thank the anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions. The remaining errors are of our own.     

基于DEA-Tobit二阶段法的城市商业银行效率评价——以中部六省9家城市商业银行为例

针对我国城市商业银行效率评价方法单一且区域化研究较少的问题,利用数据包络分析超效率模型对中部六省城市商业银行经营效率进行了评价,对其结果进行了进一步的投影分析,并在此基础上,运用Tobit模型分析了银行效率的影响因素。实证结果表明,人均营业费用和存贷比与银行经营效率成负相关,资本充足率与银行经营效率成正相关。