上下游企业的信任与赊销战略——兼论区域金融发展的干扰效应

以沪深股市1990—2009年间的非金融上市公司为研究样本,利用Tobit模型和Inter-val模型对上下游企业的信任对上市公司赊销战略的影响以及区域金融发展对前两者关系的干扰效应展开研究。研究发现:上下游企业的总信任以及上游企业的信任会促使上市公司增加使用赊销战略,而下游企业的信任则会诱使上市公司减少赊销战略的使用;区域金融发展和上下游企业的总信任以及区域金融发展和上游企业的信任在对赊销战略的影响上是替代关系,但区域金融发展和下游企业的信任两者在影响公司赊销战略上的不确定关系仍待证实。     

中国企业投资非洲:市场和资源导向——基于面板数据的Tobit分析

近年来我国对非洲直接投资不断增加,其原因一直被广泛关注。从跨国公司直接投资的原因来看,我国企业投资非洲主要是市场寻求型和资源寻求型。文章使用2005～2009年我国对非洲51个国家直接投资的数据,基于面板数据的Tobit模型验证了我国对非洲直接投资的市场寻求型原因、自然资源寻求型原因。我国应该在产业结构升级的同时,将一些产业的生产转移到非洲,实现南南合作的双赢。     

中国农村金融生态环境优化研究

基于中国人民银行关于农村金融生态环境的评价标准,构建农村金融生态环境的衡量指标体系,运用Tobit计量模型分析各指标对金融资源配置效率的影响程度,分析表明：中国农业银行分地区人民币贷款累计回收率对农村金融资源配置效率具有显著的正向影响,而其他指标对金融资源配置效率的影响并不显著。因此,加强农村诚信环境的建设是优化我国农村金融生态环境的重点。     

天津港保税区高新技术企业创新效率及影响因素研究——基于数据包络分析方法和托宾模型

以天津港保税区2022年通过高新认定的226家高新技术企业为例,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA),从整体视角、级别视角、领域视角等多维度对企业创新效率进行评价,并采用托宾(Tobit)模型对创新效率的影响因素进行探究。结果表明,保税区高新技术企业中有15.49%达到最佳有效,73.01%的企业达到一般及以上能力水平,创新效率仍有提升空间;创新效率主要受纯技术效率限制;科技领军型高新技术企业创新效率最高、普通型次之、瞪羚型最低;不同技术领域高新技术企业创新效率差异明显;股权集中度、企业规模促进了创新效率提升,税收负担抑制创新效率。根据实证结果提出了天津港保税区提升高新技术企业创新效率的对策建议。     

我国营业税征管效率测度分析

高效的税收征管是良好税制的重要方面,测度分析税收征管效率是税制优化设计的基础性工作。基于非参数和参数方法,对近年我国营业税征管效率进行测算,发现虽然不同方法测算结果不同,但其整体趋势是一致的,营业税平均征管效率呈逐步上升态势,且当前营业税征管效率整体仍较低,有很大的提升空间。进一步的实证分析表明,营业税占地税机关征税总收入比重的提高、税收分权度的提升、就业率的增长等有助于营业税征管效率的改善,转移支付比重的提高无益于营业税征管效率的改善,营业税征管存在粘蝇纸效应现象。     

我国电信行业市场竞争、区域差异与生产效率

本文使用数据包络分析方法对2005～2007年国内31个省份的电信行业生产效率进行评价,并建立Tobit回归模型分析市场竞争和区域差异因素对生产效率的影响。研究结果表明:国内电信行业仍处于通过价格战等粗放式经营方式获取规模效率的发展阶段,市场竞争因素仅主要通过规模效率影响总体效率;移动市场方面加强移动市场竞争和移动对固定替代均对生产效率有利,固网市场方面中国网通主导市场的用户生产效率低于中国电信;区域差异因素同时通过技术效率和规模效率影响总体效率,其中东部地区生产效率明显高于西部地区。     

The impact of national macro-environment exogenous variables on airport efficiency

Our paper tests the extent to which airport efficiency is affected by national macro-environmental factors. The literature on airport performance measurement is extensive but has tended to focus mainly on estimating the effects on efficiency from what are mostly endogenous variables. We undertake a two-stage analysis of 59 international airports observations in the Europe and Asia-Pacific regions. The first stage involves the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the efficiency of these airports. This is followed by a second stage, where we use a Truncated Regression model that incorporates the Simar and Wilson bootstrapping technique to test the extent to which a set of macro-environmental factors affect airport efficiency. Results reveal that a state's air transport sector output, institutional quality and robustness, the macro-economic environment, safety and security, and human development, all have a significant influence on the performance of airports. The result of this study fills the gap in the literature related to the non-discretionary variables affecting the performance of airports. It also suggests that policymakers and airport managers consider the identified factors when benchmarking airports.     

Estimation of willingness-to-pay for premium economy class by type of service

This study aims to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) to upgrade from economy to premium economy class by six types of services and to identify the socioeconomic and travel characteristics of international travelers affecting the WTP using the Tobit model assumed to be censored at zero. The results confirm that the travelers' WTP for the premium economy class in the long-haul travel is higher than those in the medium and the short-haul travels. However, the ratio of additional WTP to the economy class fare in the long-haul route is slightly lower than that in the medium-haul route. The results also present that international travelers have the highest WTP for increased seat width in the premium economy class service attribute, followed by increased seat pitch and upgraded in-flight meal service. Finally, the results indicate that the WTP to upgrade to premium economy class are proportional to the age or the income level of travelers. Furthermore, international travel frequency and the experience of premium economy class have a positive impact as well. This research can be a useful resource for analyzing international travelers’ WTP concerning the type of service and this information will be useful to policy makers in their efforts to determine their fare policies and the target audience for marketing premium economy class.     

Global public spending efficiency in Tuscan municipalities

The paper presents a Data Envelopment Analysis aimed at studying the efficiency of Tuscan municipalities' public expenditure. Five strategic functions of Tuscan municipalities are first considered carrying out a non-aggregate analysis; then the overall expenditure composition of each municipality and the global spending efficiency are analysed by a proposed composite indicator. The main determinants affecting the municipalities' efficiency were further investigated. In particular, the obtained results may be consistently included in the long-standing debate on the municipal size, proving that the bigger the municipality, the greater its level of public expenditure efficiency.     

少数民族连片特困地区农户贫困脆弱性及其影响因素研究以新疆南疆三地州为例

[目的]研究少数民族连片特困地区农户贫困脆弱性程度及影响因素,以期为现阶段巩固脱贫攻坚成果、防止返贫提供借鉴参考。[方法]文章基于新疆南疆三地州1 258户农户的问卷调查数据,运用VEP方法对少数民族连片特困地区农户贫困脆弱性进行测度,并使用Tobit回归模型实证分析其影响因素。[结果]南疆三地州农户贫困脆弱性均值为0.331,贫困脆弱发生率为16.93%,且贫困脆弱性呈现出地区差异,由高到低依次为和田地区、喀什地区、克州地区。家庭能熟练说普通话人口占比、劳动力职业技能培训、参加农业保险情况、社会资本、是否收入多样化、所在村庄地形、是否通公交车对农户贫困脆弱性具有显著的负向影响,而家庭规模、家庭负担比、健康冲击、自然灾害对农户贫困脆弱性具有显著的正向影响。[结论]据此提出加强国家通用语言和职业技能教育培训、促进农户积极投保农业保险、提高农村公共交通服务覆盖范围、重视农户健康贫困脆弱性等建议。