Determinants of transport mode choice: a comparison of Germany and the USA

Germany and the USA have among the highest motorization rates in the world. Yet Germans make a four times higher share of trips by foot, bike, and public transport and drive for a 25% lower share of trips as Americans. Using two comparable national travel surveys this paper empirically investigates determinants of transport mode choice in Germany and the USA.In both countries higher population density, a greater mix of land-uses, household proximity to public transport, and fewer cars per household are associated with a lower share of trips by automobile. However, considerable differences remain: all groups of society in America are more car-dependent than Germans. Even controlling for dissimilarities in socio-economic factors and land-use, Germans are more likely to walk, cycle, and use public transport. Moreover, Americans living in dense, mixed-use areas, and close to public transport are more likely to drive than Germans living in lower density areas, with more limited mix of land-uses, and farther from public transport. Differences in transport policy that make car travel slower, more expensive, less convenient, and alternatives to the automobile more attractive in Germany may help account for the remaining differences.     

面向服务外包的软件工程人才培养模式研究

文章通过我国软件工程服务外包人才培养现状及人才需求的分析,总结出软件工程外包人才应具备的基本素质;以西安工业大学计算机学院人才培养改革创新为依托,从课程体系设置、实践教学和校企合作等方面探索了软件外包人才培养的新模式。     

On structural inelasticity of modal substitution in freight transport

At the European level there is an increasing focus on how freight transport can be moved from trucks on roads to more environmentally friendly modes such as rail and ship. A large proportion of the transport services between OD pairs, however, cannot be substituted since there is only one alternative available. The paper investigates the magnitude of this “structural inelasticity” of modal substitution in freight transport due to a sparser layout of rail and ship-based freight networks compared to road. In the analysis we use a recent Scandinavian freight demand model covering more than 800 zones. We find that the structural inelasticity is very significant - in particular for transportation over less than 500 km. Moreover, the inelasticity varies greatly with commodity groups and between OD pairs, and it depends strongly on the port and rail infrastructure. The results suggest that pure charging instruments (road pricing for trucks) in many regions will have limited mode substitution impacts. However, if combined with structural changes in terms of improved infrastructure for rail and ship, impacts may be greater.     

浅析高职教学中学生自我发展能力的培养

近年来,自我发展能力的研究较多集中在企业、行业或区域等方面。文章认为,高职教学中更应该培养学生的自我发展能力,这不但是国家高等职业教育的要求,更是高职学生在校学习和未来工作实现大发展的制胜法宝。然而,由于目前高职教师习惯因循守旧的教学方式、学生自身依赖“填鸭式”教育及培养环境不完备等因素,使高职教学中学生自我发展能力的...     

石化企业员工思想政治素质培训实践与探究

员工是企业赖以生存和发展的资本,员工整体素质决定着企业的竞争力。提高员工队伍的整体素质,尤其是思想政治素质,是增强企业竞争力、促进企业和谐发展的重要途径,也是广大员工利益之所在。     

企业社会资本对跨区域市场进入模式的影响研究：理论框架的建立与研究命题的提出

近年来,社会资本理论已成为研究转型期企业战略管理行为的重要研究视角。企业社会资本的各种因素对企业多元化战略行为方式的选择至关重要。下文基于社会资本理论,通过文献梳理,探讨了转型经济情境下的企业社会资本的四个维度对跨区域市场进入模式的资源承诺和控制程度的影响,建立了社会资本与市场进入模式影响关系的理论框架和研究命题,最后指出了未来进一步研究方向。     

旅游资产证券化的多元模式探讨——以桂林旅游为例

针对旅游资产证券化模式单一的问题,本文运用广义的资产证券化理论,从实体资产证券化的角度,对国内旅游酒店板块上市公司资产证券化的现状进行了比较研究,分析了旅游上市公司在资产证券化方面普遍存在的问题,并以桂林旅游为例从旅游信贷资产证券化的角度对资产证券化模式的多元化进行了探讨,提出了桂林旅游资产证券化的战略构想。     

发达国家和地区转变经济发展方式的经验与启示

发达国家和地区为推进经济发展方式的转变,采取了一些积极的措施,如充分发挥市场机制的竞争作用、突出科技创新的引领作用、注重强化人力资源的支撑作用、积极发挥政府职能的主导作用等。近年来,我国随着经济增长速度的加快,增长方式粗放的问题更加突出,资源环境面临的压力越来越大,严重影响着经济社会的可持续发展。我们应借鉴发达国家和地区的成功经验,尽快实现我国经济发展方式的转变。     

放松技术在短跑训练中的作用

放松技术是一种综合能力,针对其特点,我提出培养短跑运动员放松能力的训练的建议.     

土地生命周期管理模式研究

本文根据地政管理的特点,着重介绍了土地生命周期管理的内容,并从业务模型和数据模型方面其管理模式的建立进行了探讨,给出了基于土地生命周期管理模式的系统建设构想.