Proximity at a distance: The relationship between foreign subsidiary co-location and MNC headquarters board interlock formation

Corporations seek various relationships, such as board interlocks, with other firms to reduce resource dependencies. The consistent theoretical expectation and empirical finding that physical proximity is an important driver for board interlock formation is seemingly at odds with the emerging and growing literature on transnational board interlock ties. We argue that the effect of proximity on multinational corporation (MNC) board interlock formation can also be attributed to the firms’ internationalization strategy, namely, when they have co-located subsidiaries in foreign markets. We call this “proximity at a distance”. We test our assumptions on a dataset covering almost 43,000 board interlocks among MNC headquarters and their 12 million subsidiary co-location pairs. We confirm that proximity among headquarters increases the odds of interlocking but also find robust evidence that co-located subsidiaries also increase firms’ propensity to interlock, particularly for transnational board interlocks. Our results help provide an explanation for the “paradox of distance” by showing that the interlock between two distant MNCs may be driven by proximity to their foreign subsidiaries. As such, we illustrate how MNCs’ resource-dependent strategic responses can occur at the headquarters level to address uncertainties experienced at the subsidiary level.     

Knowing your boundaries: Integration opportunities in international professional service firms

This study presents three different business models (continuous, repetitious, and unique) identified in international professional service firms that pursue a transnational strategy. These business models have varying opportunities for global integration. We extend the integration–responsiveness framework by offering a framework for analyzing how to balance global integration with local responsiveness when pursuing a transnational strategy. By identifying the content, structure, and governance transactions of the three business models, we can determine when to pursue headquarters-initiated global integration and when to choose strategies that ensure local responsiveness and subsidiary competitiveness in local markets.     

跨国公司海外研发转移的区位分析

随着经济全球化和知识化进程的加快,跨国公司进一步实施研发全球化战略,以支持其海外市场的开发,并充分利用海外科技资源服务于跨国公司的全球竞争。以跨国公司海外研发转移为主题,研究其转移的地域特征和海外研发动因对区位选择的影响,从而提出跨国公司研发转移的区位选择因素,并可以了解IT行业研发转移的区位特点。     

论我国企业跨国并购的战略选择

随着我国企业实力的不断增强和竞争的加剧,越来越多的企业走出国门,开展跨国并购。企业开展跨国并购有利于获取我国经济发展所需的短缺资源和企业发展所需的技术、品牌和市场。目前,国内国际形势和国家政策导向都十分有利于企业"走出去"开展跨国并购。但由于我国企业规模小、实力弱及国内外文化环境、政治经济环境差异大,企业跨国并购也面临许多障碍。我国企业跨国并购要想取得成功,必须在并购主体、目标市场、并购行业、并购对象和并购方式等方面做出正确的战略选择,同时,我国政府也需要出台一些相应的扶持和鼓励措施。     

中国跨国公司员工外派管理探析

本文首先对中国企业FDI现状进行分析,发现中国企业处于较低的国际化发展阶段,使得员工外派成为企业人员配置的必然选择。其次,本文对中国企业员工外派管理现状进行分析,发现中国企业缺乏国际性人才、外派人员薪资缺乏公平性以及外派效果不良等成为中国企业国际化经营瓶颈。最后,本文提出了中国跨国公司员工外派管理对策建议。     

产业组织结构对跨国公司市场进入方式的影响

跨国公司进入国外市场的方式是多个层面多种因素综合作用的结果。产业组织理论认为产业组织结构影响企业行为，因而产业组织结构也影响跨国公司的市场进入方式。本文结合中国几个产业的实际情况，重点探讨了促进跨国公司采用跨国并购方式进入国内市场的产业条件。认为，促进跨国并购的产业组织结构特征包括，市场集中度高，市场地域分割，国内外产业发展不平衡，国内外市场分割，国内市场容量大，成长率高等。     

对跨国公司滥用知识产权行为的反垄断规制--从思科诉华为案谈起

知识产权是一面双刃剑,在知识经济时代,知识产权在推动经济发展和社会进步中的作用越来越大,但知识产权也存在滥用的问题。随着我国加入世贸组织,跨国公司在我国市场上的垄断行为都同知识产权的滥用分不开,而且这种趋势还将有蔓延的可能。为防止跨国公司滥用其正当获得的知识产权,从反垄断法的视角对滥用知识产权的行为进行法律规制,以期对知识产权行使中有效竞争秩序的建立有所裨益。     

跨国公司在我国研发投资的区位决定因素研究

基于我国数据运用逐步回归法进行分析,探寻影响跨国公司在我国加大研发投资力度的决定因素:经济发展水平、市场规模潜力、人力资源可得性、劳动力成本优势与知识产权保护力度等均为影响研发投资的决定因素。我国作为投资东道国应从以上方面优化投资环境,努力提高吸引研发投资的力度和效率,并为其它发展中国家东道国提供借鉴。     

'Beyond the M-form': Towards a Critical Test of the New Form

This paper critically examines Bartlett and Ghoshal's claim that a radical new organizational form, distinctly different from the M-form both in terms of its structure and psychological underpinnings, may be observed among transnationals. The main theoretical dimensions of the M-form and the 'New Form' are delineated and compared within the context of the discourse between Transaction Costs Economics (TCE) and the Knowledge Based Approach on organizational advantage. Thereafter empirical evidence centred on ABB is extended and re-examined. On the basis of this analysis the thesis of an emergent new form is found to be unsupported. It is thus reasonable to assume that any organizational advantage transnational companies may possess still resides in hierarchical governance as identified by TCE and outlined in its multinational M-form application. To the extent to which it exists, normative social control has a secondary status.     

花旗银行的国际营销战略及其对我国商业银行跨国经营的启示

本文从市场进入策略、STP策略、6P策略三个方面对花旗银行的国际化营销战略进行了详细分析和评价,剖析其成功之处,并得出了其对我国商业银行跨国经营营销战略有所启示。