Green logistics at Eroski: A case study

In today’s highly competitive environment, green logistics issues are gaining interest. This paper analyses how logistics managers could lead the initiative in this area by incorporating environmental management principles into their daily decision-making process. A case study is given to show how they can turn practices into green while simultaneously meet the efficiency objectives. We have chosen one of the leader companies of the Spanish food distribution sector to check this hypothesis. The study covers the introduction of several changes into its fleet management and the implementation of a methodology to solve vehicle routing problems with environmental criteria minimisation.     

R&D portfolios in environmentally friendly automotive propulsion: Variety, competition and policy implications

In this article, we analyze R&D portfolios in environmentally friendly automotive propulsion including alternative fuel options. We argue that at the current stage of development, substitution of conventional car technology by a new automotive propulsion technology may lead to premature lock-in of suboptimal technology. To avoid such lock-in, one should value the variety of current R&D activity that enables organizations to learn from multiple options and to create spillovers between options. We further argue that the existence of technological variety is not a sufficient condition to avoid lock-in. Organizational variety is also required to sustain competition and avoid the dominance of few firms that possibly enforce a suboptimal technology within the sector. To assess whether recent developments in R&D have led to both technological variety and organizational competition, we analyze United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patents in low-emission vehicles (LEVs) during the period 1980–2001 using entropy statistics. Results show that both technological variety and organizational competition have increased steadily since the early nineties, suggesting that premature lock-in is unlikely to occur. From an environmental policy evaluation perspective, we consider the findings as a positive evaluation of the 1990 Californian Low Emission Vehicle program.     

车辆购置税税收制度对环境治理的影响--以京津冀地区的污染防治为例

改革开放以来,我国在推动经济高速发展的同时,疏忽了环境污染的问题,京津冀地区的污染问题尤其严重。京津冀区域环境污染已经成为制约京津冀地区经济可持续发展的最大问题。在解决环境污染的过程中,不同的治理手段,会对财税政策的改革产生不同程度的影响,促使财税政策的改革进一步调整和完善。本文基于库兹涅茨曲线模型,利用京津冀三地2008-2017年的面板数据,检验车辆购置税征收情况与不同污染排放的关系。实证研究结果表明:我国现阶段车辆购置税征收与废气污染排放量呈显著的负相关关系、与噪声污染的产生呈较为显著的负相关关系,与工业废水排放则呈不显著的负相关关系。     

The time dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows: Benchmark problems, an efficient solution algorithm, and solution characteristics

An algorithm that can tackle time dependent vehicle routing problems with hard or soft time windows without any alteration in its structure is presented. Analytical and experimental results indicate that average computational time increases proportionally to the number of customers squared. New replicable test problems that capture the typical speed variations of congested urban settings are proposed. Solution quality, time window perturbations, and computational time results are discussed as well as a method to study the impact of perturbations by problem type. The algorithm efficiency and simplicity is well suited for urban areas where fast running times may be required.     

科学创建车辆回收利用标准综合体——企业综合标准化研讨

为促进汽车产业的可持续发展和循环经济的要求,目前相关汽车企业正在开展汽车回收利用工作,创建企业的汽车回收利用数据系统。当建立企业汽车回收利用数据系统和进行汽车回收利用方面的型式认证工作时,您可能会遇到一个如何创建标准体系和开展体系认证等急需解决的问题。笔者试图以创建和实施汽车回收利用标准综合体,这一综合标准化的核心问题为例,对有关企业综合标准化的一般概念、特征、程序和方法进行探讨。     

基于MVB总线的动车组门控系统的设计与仿真研究

多功能车辆总线（MVB）是列车通信网络标准中明确定义的通信协议，用于车辆内部各功能设备间的信息传榆，介绍了动车组门控设备与MVB的通信方式和拓扑结构，提出了基于LabVIEW和SimuLink混合编程的门控系统设计方案，并对该系统的主要功能，技术特点，软件实现和上位机监控界面的设计方案等方面进行了简单阐述。     

小波分析在车辆工程中的应用

小波理论是近年来迅速发展起来的新兴学科,由于它具有理论的深刻性与应用十分广泛的双重意义,小波分析在工程中受到越来越广泛的应用.本文介绍了小波分析的优点,小波分析在车辆工程中的应用.     

我国住房抵押贷款证券化模式研究

本文陈述了我国住房抵押贷款的发展历程和现状,对美国住房抵押贷款证券化模式进行了介绍与分析,并与之进行对比,从而发现我国住房抵押贷款证券化推进过程中存在的问题和障碍。最后充分结合我国具体国情和住房抵押贷款现状,借鉴美国成功经验,重点对我国住房抵押贷款证券化模式进行了研究与探索,提出了试点方案,为住房抵押贷款在我国的全面推行提供理论参考。     

俄罗斯载人飞船无线通信技术的进展

本文简要说明了载人飞船通信技术的复杂性,分析了俄罗斯“东方”、“月球探测”、“礼炮”和“联盟”号飞船的通信技术进展,指出了俄罗斯载人飞船通信技术的发展方向。     

A spatiotemporal partitioning approach for large-scale vehicle routing problems with time windows

For VRP with time windows (VRPTW) solved by conventional cluster-first and route-second approach, temporal information is usually considered with vehicle routing but ignored in the process of clustering. We propose an alternative approach based on spatiotemporal partitioning to solving a large-scale VRPTW, considering jointly the temporal and spatial information for vehicle routing. A spatiotemporal representation for the VRPTW is presented that measures the spatiotemporal distance between two customers. The resulting formulation is then solved by a genetic algorithm developed for k-medoid clustering of large-scale customers based on the spatiotemporal distance. The proposed approach showed promise in handling large scale networks.