Budgetary Accounting in National Governments: Anglo versus American Accounting

Abstract: This paper offers an understanding of the US federal budgeting and accounting system, in context. The system is unique among the major Anglophone countries, in being both cash‐based and obligation‐based, thereby providing what can be termed a polar opposite case to an accrual‐based system, the technicalities of which the paper explains. The paper uses, as a comparator, the UK government's cash‐based and accrual‐based system, also in context. This shows that the US system is primarily a system of control by the legislature, whereas the UK's is primarily one of control by the executive. The paper analyses the long history of institutions of the US federal government defending the obligation basis in the face of accrual‐based assaults; the obligation basis has remained resilient.     

Corporate Lobbying and Firm Performance

Corporate lobbying activities are designed to influence legislators, regulators and courts, presumably to encourage favorable policies and/or outcomes. In dollar terms, corporate lobbying expenditures are typically one or even two orders of magnitude larger than spending by Political Action Committees (PAC), and, unlike PAC donations, lobbying amounts are direct corporate expenditures. We use data made available by the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 to examine this more pervasive form of corporate political activity. We find that, on average, lobbying is positively related to accounting and market measures of financial performance. These results are robust across a number of empirical specifications. We also report market performance evidence using a portfolio approach. We find that portfolios of firms with the highest lobbying intensities significantly outperform their benchmarks in the three years following portfolio formation.     

Efectividad del proyecto de convergencia contable mexicano emprendido a partir de 2005: evidencia empírica (1997-2010)

The purpose of our study is to know whether the efforts carried out by the Mexican Council for Financial Information managed to reduce the differences in the calculation of the Mexican accounting reports and those calculated under American principles (US GAAP) in the period 1997-2010. To achieve the objectives set out, we analyzed 230 20-F reports that correspond to 27 Mexican companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange. The results obtained in the implementation of the linear regression models show the existence of certain factors that explain the degree of comparability of fundamental accounting variables obtained under Mexican GAAP and US GAAP.     

PPP项目财务管理与会计核算分析

随着我国经济进步与快速发展,PPP项目在社会发展中的作用越来越明显,对于PPP项目来说,其已经在水利、交通以及水利等项目的应用中取得了巨大的优势,而且其也是我国城市建设与城市经济发展中非常重要的项目工程。基于此,论文先介绍了PPP项目的形成与国家政策的支持,阐述PPP项目的具体概念,分析PPP项目对财务管理与会计核算的作用,提出完善PPP项目会计核算工作的相关建议以及PPP项目公司各个阶段的会计核算分析。     

What Plato Knew About Enron

This paper applies Plato’s cave allegory to Enron’s success and downfall. Plato’s famous tale of cave dwellers illustrates the different levels of truth and understanding. These levels include images, the sources of images, and the ultimate reality behind both. The paper first describes these levels of perception as they apply to Plato’s cave dwellers and then provides a brief history of the rise of Enron. Then we apply Plato’s levels of understanding to Enron, showing how the company created its image and presented information to support that image, and how the public eventually emerged from the cave to realize the truth about Enron’s actual accounting practices and financial state, which led to the corporation’s downfall. We find Plato’s allegory both useful in analyzing the relationship between Enron and the public and instructive about the power and moral responsibility of Enron’s executives.     

实践《小企业会计制度》的问题与对策

《小企业会计制度》的实施是我国会计界的大事,企业实践该制度过程中,有许多实际问题值得研究和探讨。     

关于上市公司会计信息失真的研究

证券市场的有效运转是以信息披露制度的成熟程度为基础的 ,现从上市公司会计信息披露现状入手 ,分析我国会计信息失真的原因是企业管理层和外部信息使用者各自掌握的信息不对称 ,进而从完善内部约束机制、完善外部监控机制、完善会计准则方面提出规范措施     

浅谈上市公司会计信息披露存在的问题及对策

我国证券市场尚处于逐步发展完善阶段,虽然建立了一些上市公司会计信息披露制度,但还不够健全,存在问题很多,这不利于其健康发展。本文针对上市公司会计信息披露制度中存在的问题,提出了一些对策,进而提高会计信息披露的质量。     

新旧企业会计准则中合并财务报表实务操作的差异比较与分析

2006年,财政部颁布了新的会计准则,与<合并会计报表暂行规定>相比,新颁布的<企业会计准则第33号--合并财务报表>在合并财务报表的概念、合并范围、程序,合并资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表及报表附注披露的内容等方面都有了很多差异.     

国内生产总值的生态经济学剖析

国内生产总值(GDP)作为国民经济核算的主要方式,具有其重要性,同时也存在一定的问题,特别是在生态和环境方面。中国政府在进行十二五规划时,淡化了对GDP增长速度的要求,而强调宽容性增长,重视并着力解决民生问题,符合中国社会发展的趋势。但是GDP作为衡量国民经济发展的重要指标,今后仍将会发挥其重要作用,需要进行全面研究,并寻找改进的方式。因此,文章在文献综述的基础上,阐明了GDP产生的背景和内涵,指出了GDP在衡量社会经济发展中发挥的作用。同时,指出了GDP在衡量国家或地区社会经济综合发展方面的局限性,重点指出了生态和环境领域的问题和认识上的误区。最后,根据国内的研究情况,并结合我国具体国情,提出了一些改进和替代方面的建议。