Entrepreneurial team's risk-based decision-making: A dynamic game analysis

It is well-known that some cognitive factors such as opportunity perception and risk perception influence entrepreneurial risk-based decision-making (RBDM). This paper proposes some rules of entrepreneur's risk decision-learning to address this RBDM taking cognitive factors into consideration. The learning mechanisms of entrepreneurial team's RBDM is derived based on entrepreneur's perception evolution. The paper employs a system dynamics model to analyze the entrepreneurial team's risk decision-learning. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the entrepreneurial RBDM process with cognitive factors.     

The dialectics of competency acquisition: pollution prevention in electric generation

Strategy researchers now recognize that distinctive competencies are critically important for sustained competitive advantage. The processes by which such competencies are acquired, however, has only started to be examined. Connections between macro-industrial system level properties and micro-developments in proprietary technology at the firm level need to be made. This paper argues that system-wide properties, such as long-standing elementary and opposing logics in societal forces like governments and markets, and micro-developments, such as the firm's capacity to search for talent, technology, and ideas and to harmonize what it learns internally, can contribute in significant ways to the creation and acquisition of new competencies. Based on the case of pollution prevention in electric generation, it shows how the system-wide properties channel and direct the paths that the acquisition of new competencies take and how they interact with micro-developments at the firm level. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

标记理论视角下二语习得中的母语迁移研究

母语迁移是指由于母语与二语的差异和相同从而对第二语言习得所产生的影响。作为母语迁移的重要制约因素之一的语言标记性是指语言中的一种不对称同时又相对立的现象。从标记理论的视角来研究二语习得中的母语迁移,有利于预先了解母语迁移发生的区域,同时可预测语言习得中困难出现的相对程度,把母语迁移的研究纳入了认知研究的范畴,为母语迁移的发生提供了较强和合理的解释。     

企业员工的伦理决策意向研究——以道德成熟度、道德强度与伦理气候的影响为依据

文章以企业员工为考察对象,探讨个人面临道德困境时的伦理决策意向。样态架构以道德成熟度为预测变项,功利导向性气候为情境变数,经由道德强度知觉影响伦理决策意向。实证资料采用问卷调查,假设验证主要以回归及ANOVA进行分析。研究结果发现：个人道德成熟度是经由道德强度知觉对伦理决策意向产生的影响效果,道德成熟度对道德强度知觉有正向影响关系;在人际亲疏关系为疏远的条件下,道德强度知觉对伦理决策意向具正向影响关系,功利导向性气候则会干扰道德强度知觉对伦理决策意向的影响。     

外资并购的财务效应及其影响因素研究

选取1995年1月1日到2005年12月31日期间发生的32起外资并购我国上市公司事件作为研究样本,综合运用单项指标分析法和综合指标分析法进行分析后发现,在并购后的两年内,目标公司的偿债能力、营运能力、赢利能力、成长能力和综合能力均无显著提高。在采用多元线性回归以及方差分析法对影响财务效应的具体因素进行分析后发现,文化距离与并购后第一年和第二年的综合财务绩效显著负相关;行业相关性与并购后第一年和第二年的综合财务绩效边际显著正相关;外资为第一大股东的目标公司在财务绩效的改善幅度上大于外资非第一大股东的目标公司,但其统计意义不显著;经验更丰富的外资主并方在并购后改善了目标公司的综合财务业绩,而经验欠缺的主并方在并购后降低了目标企业的综合能力,这两类企业在并购后第一年绩效改善上的差别是边际显著的。     

组织员工授权知觉与员工服务质量关系探析——基于典型相关分析

以国家会议中心各部门的一线服务人员及其所服务的客户作为主要调查对象,259份有效问卷作为样本,利用SPSS20.0对调查结果进行典型相关分析,探析了员工授权知觉与服务质量的关系。结果表明：组织员工授权知觉和员工服务质量之间存在正相关关系,员工对自己工作能力的信心强度和对自己是否拥有工作自主权与独立权的感知程度更能有效的影响到客户对员工服务质量的评价,在提高员工授权知觉的情况下,员工的服务质量会得到提高,并凸显在服务的效率和可靠性这两方面。对一线服务员工进行适当的放权,使其授权知觉水平提高,有利于增强员工自信心,树立员工的责任感和价值感,提高员工服务工作的效率及可信赖性。     

Courts and Firm Investments in Real Property

The legal environment and rule of law are important for business, but existing studies often treat rule of law holistically. This article examines the role of courts, specifically the speed of court decisions, the enforcement of edicts, and the impartiality of decision-making as perceived by firms of various sizes, and the impact this has on firm investments in real property. The article analyzes a panel of 6,300 firms from 27 countries in the period from 2002 to 2009 to find that (i) firm size affects perceptions positively, while (ii) paying bribes affects perceptions negatively. At the same time, (iii) a firm’s connections to the government have no apparent impact. More importantly, while all three components have a positive correlation with the amount firms invest in land and machinery, the speed of courts has the greatest significance and the highest marginal effect. Firms perceiving courts to be quick invest nearly four times as much as the average real property investment. This finding suggests that policymakers should focus on reducing backlogs in the court system, perhaps by encouraging more arbitration or staffing more clerks.     

PERSONALITY TRAITS AND THE PERCEPTION OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS: SURVEY EVIDENCE

I examine the determinants of both perceived inflation and unemployment in one single survey and include Big Five traits in the analysis. This is the first survey on this topic in Germany. My sample consists of 1771 students from different fields and levels. Using PhD students’ estimates as a reference, I create categories for underestimation and overestimation of both variables. Multinomial logit regressions show that females overestimate both variables. Education and news consumption reduce misestimation. A higher level of Neuroticism is related with a higher probability to overestimate unemployment. Overstating (understating) one indicator is associated with overstating (understating) the other.     

The relevance of political affinity for the initial acquisition premium in cross‐border acquisitions

Research summary : In the context of economic nationalism, we investigate the relevance of political affinity between countries to the initial acquisition premium offered in cross‐border acquisitions. Political affinity is defined as the similarity of national interests in global affairs. We argue that political affinity affects how foreign acquirers anticipate their bargaining position in their negotiations with domestic target firms. With decreasing political affinity, the host government becomes increasingly likely to intervene against foreign firms in an acquisition deal. Consequently, foreign acquirers need to provide a more lucrative initial offer to dissuade target firms from leveraging government intervention to oppose the acquisition. Our prediction is supported by strong evidence that political affinity, as revealed by UN general assembly voting patterns, leads to lower initial acquisition premiums. Managerial summary : Media reports suggest that politics plays an important role in international business transactions. However, we still know very little about how bilateral political relations affect corporate decision‐making. In this article, we analyze the influence of the quality of bilateral political relations on the bidding behavior of foreign acquirers in cross‐border acquisitions. We argue that the host government is more likely to intervene against the foreign acquirer during deal negotiations if the quality of bilateral political relations is poor. A lower political affinity between countries therefore decreases the bargaining power of the acquirer and pushes up the initial bid premium the acquirer has to offer to the local target. Our empirical results confirm our argument. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

年功导向人力资源实践对组织越轨行为的影响:组织政治知觉的中介作用

在企业中,年功通常包含工龄(员工在组织中持续服务的时间长度)和年龄两个要素。强调年功的人力资源实践能否有效缓解员工的组织政治知觉,从而使员工安分守己,不会做出有损组织的行为,是一个值得探讨的问题。本文采用问卷调查法,以48家企业和918名员工的配对数据为样本,对这一问题展开了探讨。研究发现,年功导向人力资源实践能够有效降低员工组织越轨行为;同时,年功导向人力资源实践会促使员工形成较为保守和被动的策略倾向,产生保持沉默静待好处的组织政治知觉;并且,年功导向人力资源实践有助于缓解员工对其他个体自利行为的感知,以及在薪酬和晋升方面自己利益受到侵害的感知,从而降低一般政治行为的政治知觉以及薪酬和晋升政策的政治知觉;最后,年功导向人力资源实践能够通过使员工产生保持沉默静待好处的组织政治知觉,从而减少员工的组织越轨行为。研究结论为本土化人力资源实践的合理化解释提供了理论依据,扩展了对本土化人力资源实践影响效应的认识;同时也证明了组织政治知觉的跨文化差异性。