基于声音-压力的多通道角钢材质检测系统硬件设计

针对角钢材质混料造成的错用型号现象,利用不同材质角钢具有不同的冲孔声音和剪切压力的特性,研发了多通道角钢材质检测系统。首先通过分析角钢加工过程中的检测原理,给出了角钢材质检测系统的设计框图;其次给出了硬件系统总体电路图,选择了硬件型号,合理布置了前面板接口和内部线路,且对声音-压力多通道角钢材质检测系统硬件进行了封装;最后,配合软件系统进行了现场安装测试。结果表明,该硬件系统能够完成多通道信号采集、处理、分析、识别等在线检测工作,对于提高角钢的材质检测效率具有参考价值。     

新型复合材料测井钻杆的研制

现有复合材料测井钻杆在使用过程中易出现漏电,从而影响使用寿命的原因,其漏电主要原因为钢芯与复合材料的界面易破坏,易破坏的主要原因为:界面粘接强度偏低、粘接面积偏小、复合材料/钢材膨胀系数不同而造成的应力破坏,为此将测井钻杆的复合材料部分分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个部分,通过提高Ⅰ部分复合材料的膨胀系数,受热时,复合材料膨胀而压紧O型圈,达到密封目的,部件Ⅰ采用热压罐工艺成型;为了减少复合材料中的气泡,并提高效率,部件Ⅱ采用RTM工艺。     

货币乘数的理论说明与错误评述

国内理论界错误地把存款乘数看成和投资乘数同为一个级数,混淆了存款乘数和投资乘数的差别,误认为现金漏损与存款乘数相关.其实,存款乘数只是货币制度里的一个倍数,可以不是级数.漏损只改变银行准备,丝毫不会改变存款乘数.另外,倍数到底是对R还是对B而言,理论上经常搞错,因而有必要做一细致研究以统一认识,提高理论水平.     

中国木薯生产水足迹时空特征及水影响研究——以两广地区为例

目的 木薯是我国重要的生物燃料原料作物,研究我国木薯主产区的生产耗水特征对木薯产业发展、水资源管理和政策制定具有重要意义。方法 文章基于水足迹理论及应用探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）方法,选取2004—2020年广东和广西（简称“两广地区”）木薯主产区 45个气象站点气象数据和相关农业数据,对两广地区木薯水足迹时空演变规律及其对当地水资源的影响进行研究。结果 （1）研究期间,两广地区木薯生产水足迹总体呈现下降趋势。其中,广西木薯水足迹高于广东,绿水足迹占比大于蓝水足迹。（2） 两广地区木薯水足迹在平水年2004年、枯水年2011年和丰水年2019年空间分布略有差异,整体有从广东东南方向至广西西北方向递增的趋势。（3）两广地区木薯水足迹具有很高的空间相关性和强空间聚集性。水足迹高高聚集区（H—H）主要分布在广西北部和中部,低低聚集区（L—L）主要分布在广东经济发达地区。（4）枯水年2011年有着相对较高的水压力程度。广西木薯生产对当地水资源产生对影响更大。结论 两广地区木薯生产及其需水量随年份发生了明显的变化,用水效率及水消耗量空间差异较大,具有明显的空间聚集特征。因此,应调整两广地区木薯种植结构,制定区域内合理灌溉制度,提升水资源和种植结构的匹配度,从而达到促进木薯产业可持续发展和缓解当地水资源压力的目的。     

Stakeholder pressure for sustainability: Can ‘innovative capabilities’ explain the idiosyncratic response in the manufacturing firms?

This study explores role of innovative capabilities in determining a manufacturing firm's response to stakeholder pressure for adopting sustainable practices. Drawing on the theory of conservatism, we delineate that the firm's response is idiosyncratic and undergirded in the nature of its innovative capabilities. Our empirical investigation reveals that the response to the stakeholder pressure is mediated by the nature of the firm's innovative capabilities. Indian manufacturing firms are identified as unit of analysis for this study. The individual manufacturing facilities implement the environmental practices. The findings suggest that the manufacturing firm's exposure to exploitative/exploratory innovative capabilities triggers sustainable behaviours with ephemeral focus and enduring focus. Further, the exploratory/exploitative innovation is capable of explaining idiosyncratic behaviour for the firms' sustainability practices adoption. The findings delineate, with analysis, that unlike China, regulatory stakeholder pressures in India inhibit the adoption of sustainable practices with enduring focus in manufacturing firms.     

Enhancing corporate sustainable development: Proactive environmental strategy,stakeholder pressure and the moderating effect of firm size

The article evaluates the influence of pressure of 10 distinct types of stakeholders on the adoption of environmental strategies, with the special focus on the proactive environmental strategy (PES). The moderation effect of the company size on this relationship is investigated in depth. The existence of the relationship between stakeholder pressure and environmental strategies has been explored by numerous studies. The study adds significantly to this ongoing discussion as the moderation effect of the company size was explored scarcely so far in the literature. The results from the multinomial logistic regression models confirmed almost unanimously the effect of stakeholder pressure and the presence of the moderation. Positive, but nonlinear, direct and moderated effect of pressures of regulators, competitors, clients, NGOs, media, shareholders and employees on PES was discovered. In case of suppliers, consumers and top management, the pressure–PES relation was more complex. Also, large companies seem to be more resilient to pressures than the smaller ones when adopting PES.     

Urban proximity,demand for land and land shadow prices in Malawi

We assess the spatial and intertemporal variation in farmland prices using per hectare minimum willingness to accept (WTA) sales and rental (shadow) prices in Malawi. We use three rounds of nationally representative farm household panel data from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS), collected in 2010, 2013 and 2016. The sample is split in quintiles based on distance from the nearest major city, building on the land valuation and transaction cost theory, and agrarian political economy perspectives on global and national land transactions. Generally, farmland shadow prices decrease with distance from urban areas. However, farmland shadow sales prices increased more sharply between 2010 and 2013 in rural areas (+100 % vs +30 % in urban proximity). The results indicate that the sharp increase in demand for large-scale land transfers following the sharp increase in energy and food prices also affected rural smallholders’ land valuation, even in remote rural areas of Malawi. Conversely, by 2016 land shadow sales prices were again, like in 2010, about three times as high in areas near urban centres compared to remote rural areas. Even though sales prices declined in remote rural areas from 2013 to 2016, rental prices remained high. Using farm household-level population pressure variable, we show that local population pressure is a driver of farmland shadow prices, indicating land scarcity challenges, growing demand for land, and poorly developed land markets. With increasing land scarcity, land markets are becoming more important and need to be factored in when formulating development policies that aim to improve access to land in both peri-urban and rural areas.     

Stakeholder engagement is evolving: Do investors play a main role?

Stakeholder engagement, an essential component of the sustainability reporting strategy, is changing, as is the position of the different stakeholders in this evolving scenario. In this paper, we explore the effect of the pressure that a specific group of stakeholders, investors, exerts on the quality of the sustainability information disclosed. We intend to analyze if there has been a change in the role that investors play in sustainability reporting. By focusing on investors, we are paying attention to one of the less studied groups within the sustainability stakeholders. To this aim, we carry out a content analysis of the sustainability information disclosed by U.S. (shareholder-oriented country) and Spanish (stakeholder-oriented country) listed companies during the years 2013 to 2016. Our findings confirm the key role that investors play in the companies' sustainability strategies, demanding more and better sustainability information. We also find a reduction in the quality of sustainability disclosures in Spanish companies in the last year of our sample, showing a relevant change in this country that has been leading the sustainability rankings until now. The results of this paper are useful to investors and companies, as they reflect the changes on the information they demand, and for regulators, in order to create the adequate legal framework that will improve the quality of reporting. Regulators and financial agents should acknowledge this new scenario to adapt norms and actions accordingly.     

支撑力和压力脱钩视角下中国生态承载力评价

提高生态承载力是生态文明建设的重要抓手之一,准确评价生态承载力是前提。文章基于大气、水和土壤三个生态环境层面的自净能力和污染水平视角,采用生态支撑力和压力脱钩模型,测度和评价了中国生态承载力状况。首先基于生态支撑力和压力脱钩类型构建了生态承载力评价框架,将生态承载力类型分为上升和下降两大类,每一大类有包含三个小类型。其次,采用脱钩模型对各地区总体和大气、水、土壤三个分类的生态承载力进行了测度,结果表明,整体生态承载力和分类生态承载力都呈现水平偏低,区域间和区域内差异明显和波动大的特征;西部地区的云南和新疆生态环境质量最好,而北京、湖南和四川生态环境质量相对较差。最后,文章从优化顶层设计、制定差异性生态环境保护和污染治理政策方面提出了提高生态承载力的政策参考。     

Green Knowledge Sharing,Stakeholder Pressure,Absorptive Capacity,and Green Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms

A central issue faced by many Chinese manufacturing firms is how to absorb and utilize green knowledge shared among supply chain members for superior green innovation. Invoking the indirect research stream of organizational learning theory, we develop a moderated mediation model in which absorptive capacity mediates the interactive effects of green knowledge sharing and stakeholder pressure on green innovation. Our hypotheses were tested using a sample of 247 Chinese manufacturing firms. The results from multiple regression and bootstrapping tests reveal that absorptive capacity fully mediates the link between green knowledge sharing and green innovation, and the mediation effect is positively contingent upon stakeholder pressure. These findings provide managerial implications for Chinese manufacturing firms, recommending that these firms effectively develop their absorptive capacities and closely monitor stakeholder pressure to realize the green innovation benefits of green knowledge sharing.