Entrepreneurial Alertness and Discovery

The purpose of this paper is to elaborate Kirzner's concepts of entrepreneurial alertness and discovery in the subjectivist perspective. Specifically, it argues that the entrepreneurial discovery process is associated with the actor's interpretation framework, or the stock of knowledge, which is derived from everyday life experiences. Discovery in this context means that the actor interprets incoming information in a way different from perceptions of the general public. Two kinds of entrepreneurial discovery, namely ordinary and extraordinary, are discussed. In terms of mental constructs, ordinary discovery is a backward interpretation in a sense that the entrepreneur endeavours to exploit profit opportunities by doing some things better. This type of discovery largely promotes change within an existing situation. Extraordinary discovery is a forward interpretation that involves a new dimension of interpreting events. In this case, the entrepreneur explores profit opportunities by doing some things drastically different from the traditional. This type of discovery enhances revolutionary change to the economy. Inertia is explained, in the subjectivist perspective, as a result of actors taking knowledge for granted and being locked inside the old interpretation frameworks. The argument developed is applied to explain (1) why firms vertically integrate and, (2) why the socialist system impedes entrepreneurial alertness and discovery.     

The evolution of price discovery in us equity and derivatives markets

This study considers the evolution of price discovery in the S&P 500 E-mini futures and the corresponding exchange traded fund (SPY ETF) over the period January 2002 through December 2013. The study reports evidence that the E-mini futures dominate price discovery at the beginning of the sample period. However, from 2007 onward both the SPY ETF and E-mini futures contribute similar portions to the price discovery process. The level of price discovery is significantly influenced by volume measures and relative levels of transaction costs for both securities.     

The inception of internationalization of small and medium enterprises: The role of activeness and networks

This study analyzes how exporters begin their internationalization leveraging information collected through interviews with 109 Chinese textile manufacturers. It examines whether firms that found their first international clients through a “proactive” search are likely to export faster, more intensively, and to a larger number of markets. The findings illustrate that the proactiveness of the search for the first client in a foreign market is an important predictor of the intensity and geographic scope of the firm's internationalization path but not of its speed. They support the view of internationalization as an actively pursued entrepreneurial process, which may also be affected by serendipitous events. This study provides new evidence on the first international business discovery of Chinese exporters, contributing to the literature on international entrepreneurship, international new ventures and the network approach to internationalization.     

发现教学法在培养学生创造性思维能力中的应用

发现教学法是引导学生参与"创造"知识,通过自己的思考和实践去掌握知识,培养能力,它以培养学生创造性思维能力为主,充分调动了学生的学习积极性。它有助于激发学生学习的内在动力;有助于学生有效地获取知识和巩固知识;有助于培养学生主动探索,独立思考的习惯;有助于训练学生解决问题的技能和技巧;有助于增强学生的信心和责任心。     

森林抚育补贴试点的实践与探索——四川省阿坝州案例

森林抚育补贴试点是我国继建立森林生态效益补偿基金制度后,林业政策的又一重大突破。文章介绍了四川省阿坝州开展森林抚育补贴试点的指导思想、原则、任务与范围。试点的主要方法及工作措施,包括强化组织领导、科学规划设计、严格质量监控、资金直达管理等。截至2011年1月,全州完成森林抚育补贴试点任务6666.8hm2总投资1000.2万元。在总结经验基础上,分析了试点工作存在的主要问题,提出相应措施和政策建议。     

考古遗址公园研究进展与趋势

有关考古遗址公园的研究理论和实践日趋成熟。利用文献统计方法,对中国考古遗址公园相关文献进行梳理,分析其发展脉络与动态,并通过热点主题词分析及相关文献综述,重点从理论发展、保护展示、规划、管理运营及使用评价5个方面阐述其研究趋势：理论发展表明考古遗址公园的名实问题关系到其准确定位及可持续发展;保护与展示应加强新技术、新理念的研究应用;规划应针对环境区位特点提出相应策略;管理要适应遗址旅游发展的需要;使用评价应建构系统的评价体系。最后提出研究展望。     

政府审计对预算违规的作用：抑制还是诱导？——基于中央部门预算执行审计数据的实证研究

预算执行审计本来是抑制预算机会主义行为的一种制度安排,如果制度安排不当,则可能诱导预算机会主义行为。理论分析表明,政府审计对于公共部门预算违规究竟发挥抑制作用还是诱导,是由预算违规的审计发现率、审计处理率和审计处罚率共同决定的,审计处罚率是关键变量,预算单位是否违规是根据政府审计机关的审计发现率、审计处理率和审计处罚率来做出策略性选择。根据中央部门预算执行审计的数据分析表明,预算执行审计不是抑制了预算违规,而是诱导了预算违规,产生这个结果的主要原因是审计处罚没有力度。     

Rough集在知识发现中的应用

Rough集理论作为一种处理不精确、不一致、不完整等各种不完备信息的有效工具,一方面得益于它的数学基础成熟且不需要先验知识;另一方面在于它的易用性。由于Rough集理论创建的目的和研究的出发点就是直接对数据进行分析和推理,从中发现隐含的知识,揭示潜在的规律,因此它是一种天然的知识发现或数据挖掘方法。本文对Rough集的基本概念和它在知识发现中的应用作了简单的介绍。     

Price discovery in spot and futures markets: a reconsideration

We reconsider the issue of price discovery in spot and futures markets. We use a threshold error correction model to allow for arbitrage opportunities to have an impact on the return dynamics. We estimate the model using quote midpoints, and we modify the model to account for time-varying transaction costs. We find that (a) the futures market leads in the process of price discovery and (b) the presence of arbitrage opportunities has a strong impact on the dynamics of the price discovery process.     

中美小麦期货价格与现货价格传递关系的比较研究

为研究我国小麦期货市场价格发现功能的发挥程度及此功能对现货市场价格的影响,本文运用Johansen协整检验、误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解等对中美小麦期货与现货价格传递关系进行了实证研究。结果显示：中美两国国内小麦期货与现货价格之间均存在明显的双向引导关系和长期均衡关系;我国小麦期货价格和现货价格对一个标准差信息冲击的反应均稍强于美国;我国小麦期货市场价格发现功能的发挥程度要优于美国。