持续审计基本问题研究

近几年来,持续审计在以美国 AICPA 为代表的审记职业界中得到广泛讨论。本文引用 AICPA 和CICA 对持续审计的定义,分析了持续审计的特征,阐述了持续审计产生和发展的动因,界定了持续审计的效用,剖析了其在实践中推进比较缓慢的原因,以期能促使我国审计职业界正确认识和大力推进持续审计。     

国家金融审计的现实矛盾与解决方案

国家金融审计因其定位和项目组织的科学性,在发现重大违法违规线索、揭示金融风险、维护金融经济安全方面发挥着重要作用.同时,国家金融审计又面临着目标多元化与激励方式单一、事后审计为主的审计模式与免疫系统功能要求等多方面的矛盾.为化解这些矛盾,国家金融审计需要构建金融审计与金融监管的协作框架、改革完善激励机制、将金融风险管理技术引入金融审计、提高金融数据分析能力及审计信息的利用效率等.     

机构投资者持股、治理环境与审计意见购买

以2003—2018年A股上市公司为样本的分析表明,机构投资者持股能显著抑制基于签字审计师变更的审计意见购买行为。这种抑制作用的发挥需要依赖良好的内外部治理环境,因机构投资者类型而存在显著差异,但不因机构投资者稳定性或专注性而发生显著变动。此外,在控制持股比例后,机构投资者数量的抑制作用不再显著。上述结果为机构投资者治理成效提供了积极证据,也为相关部门更好地培育中长期投资者、提高上市公司质量提供了借鉴。     

审计意见与大股东控制力的相关性研究

文章选取2005年1235家A股非金融类上市公司作为样本,建立模型实证审计意见与大股东控制力的关系.发现非标准审计意见与大股东控制力正相关,与股权分置改革和上市公司的盈余管理程度负相关;ST公司、重亏公司、资产负债率较高的公司更容易获得非标准审计意见.本文政策建议为:限制金字塔多层和交叉多重持股;实行国有股缩股和累退投票制度;规定更合理的股东大会决议的最低股权数;审计师应更加关注上市公司的盈余管理程度,并出具恰当的审计意见.     

中国审计市场强地域性影响因素的实证分析

中国审计市场长期以来都存在着强地域性的特徵,是什么因素导致了这一特徵的出现呢？本文运用了Logistic回归分析方法对中国证券审计市场A股上市公司的数据进行了实证研究,揭示了审计市场强地域性的影响因素,分析了地方保护主义或地方政府干预、审计费用、审计质量这三者对上市公司选择本地事务所行为的影响。     

Predicting credit card fraud with Sarbanes‐Oxley assessments and Fama‐French risk factors

This research developed and tested machine learning models to predict significant credit card fraud in corporate systems using Sarbanes‐Oxley (SOX) reports, news reports of breaches and Fama‐French risk factors (FF). Exploratory analysis found that SOX information predicted several types of security breaches, with the strongest performance in predicting credit card fraud. A systematic tuning of hyperparamters for a suite of machine learning models, starting with a random forest, an extremely‐randomized forest, a random grid of gradient boosting machines (GBMs), a random grid of deep neural nets, a fixed grid of general linear models where assembled into two trained stacked ensemble models optimized for F1 performance; an ensemble that contained all the models, and an ensemble containing just the best performing model from each algorithm class. Tuned GBMs performed best under all conditions. Without FF, models yielded an AUC of 99.3% and closeness of the training and validation matrices confirm that the model is robust. The most important predictors were firm specific, as would be expected, since control weaknesses vary at the firm level. Audit firm fees were the most important non‐firm‐specific predictors. Adding FF to the model rendered perfect prediction (100%) in the trained confusion matrix and AUC of 99.8%. The most important predictors of credit card fraud were the FF coefficient for the High book‐to‐market ratio Minus Low factor. The second most influential variable was the year of reporting, and third most important was the Fama‐French 3‐factor model R² – together these described most of the variance in credit card fraud occurrence. In all cases the four major SOX specific opinions rendered by auditors and the signed SOX report had little predictive influence.     

地方养老基金委托投资风险的审计控制

在全国社保基金理事会受托投资运营广东省企业职工基本养老保险基金的示范下,越来越多的地方养老基金实行多元化的投资运营乃属大势所趋。既要拓宽养老基金的投资渠道,又要强化包括政府审计在内的监督形式以控制投资尤其是证券投资的风险,是当前中国地方养老基金运营管理的现实选择。通过对各地养老基金的审计监督,明确只有经省级政府动议、本级人大和国务院批准,委托给国家专门成立或其他具有优秀业绩的资产管理机构开展多元化投资运营,并在委托合同中规定进入投资市场的比例、规模、进度、期限、对象与保底收益等事项,才能在最大程度上防范和化解投资风险,促进投资风险预警机制和风险控制制度的健全,确保基金的保值增值。     

Expert opinion and cuisine reputation in the market for restaurant meals

As food is an experience good, the market for restaurant meals is a market where the cost of acquiring information regarding quality is relatively high. In such markets consumers often turn to reputation measures to guide purchase decisions. As Australia does not have a longstanding cuisine style of its own, and given Australia has been open to substantial immigration inflows since federation, it represents an especially appropriate market to study regarding the impact of individual restaurant reputation and collective cuisine reputation on meal prices. The following study uses the hedonic price approach to investigate the implicit price of individual reputation indicators, cuisine type reputation indicators and other objective indicators in the market for restaurant meals. The empirical findings presented suggest that both individual restaurant reputation and cuisine type reputation are important. Other important factors are shown to include the quality of the restaurant wine list, the availability of private dining rooms, and whether or not there is an outdoor dining option.     

中国审计市场制度安排与研究思考——兼评审计意见购买的内在机理

审计市场在发展中,逐渐形成一些主要制度安排,如会计师事务所体制形式变迁、上市公司可以同时发行A股、B股和H股等、责权利失衡的上市审批和监管以及设定配股和退市底线。这些安排导致国际所在审计市场的主导地位,并产生股权融资偏好、IPO包装上市、上市公司"保壳"和控股股东"圈钱"等奇怪的现象,同时也决定着审计服务的基本特征。结合这些特有的制度背景,才能深刻把握审计意见购买的内在机理,从而揭示审计意见购买的基本规律和主要特征,并推动审计理论的发展。本文对此进行了探讨。     

Involvement and opinion leadership in tourism

Nature-based tourism, science tourism, and ecotourism are some of the emerging and growing trends in special-interest tourism. This study utilized a southeastern sample of the United States who had an interest in travel and the environment. A modified Dillman total design method survey was used to collect the data. The study demonstrated that widely used concepts of marketing are applicable for nature-based tourism. Results indicate that highly involved nature-oriented travelers tend to be more receptive to information concerning the travel product or destination and spread that information willingly. Findings of this study suggest that opinion leaders take more trips and use slightly more information sources.