The impact of the Internet on human activity–travel patterns: analysis of gender differences using multi-group structural equation models

The widespread use of the Internet for conducting various types of activities may be leading to considerable change in people’s activity–travel patterns. Past studies, however, have left many issues unaddressed. Using an Internet-activity diary dataset and multi-group structural equation modeling, this study examines the complex interactions between different types of Internet and physical activities, with a special focus on gender differences and Internet maintenance and leisure activities. The results indicate that the impacts of Internet activities on people’s activity–travel patterns are significantly different across gender. In general, Internet use for maintenance purposes has a greater impact on women’s activity–travel in the physical world, while Internet use for leisure purposes affects men’s physical activities and travel to a greater extent. Further, breaking Internet activities down into different categories reveals some hidden patterns that would not have been detected if these different types of Internet activities were lumped together as a single category.     

改革传统教学模式 培育创新性旅游专业人才

旅游管理专业教学模式的改革是目前旅游高等教育急待解决和探索的问题,论文在分析我国旅游高等教育传统教学模式人才培养面临困境的基础上,提出旅游管理人才培养模式的改革与创新。     

Distributional effects of environmental taxes on transportation: evidence from Engel curves in the United States

Indirect taxes on transportation activities that pollute can correct externalities and close the gaps between private and social costs. However, policy makers often find such Pigou taxes difficult to implement because of political resistance due to possibly adverse affects on equity. For this reason it is important to assess the distributional aspects of environmental levies. This article estimates properties of the demand for transportation in parametric and non-parametric analyses of Consumer Expenditure Surveys for the United States and finds patterns in the resulting set of Engel curves. Private transportation using air flights and new cars has Engel elasticity above unity while public transportation via mass transit has Engel elasticity below unity. The findings can be interpreted in an important way since they show that a differentiated scheme of environmental taxes on transportation may function progressively. A Pigou scheme with larger taxes on modes of transportation that pollute more appears to coincide with larger levies on luxury modes preferred by richer households.     

我国非处方药（OTC）流通渠道模式研究

目前,我国OTC药品年销售额已超过400亿元人民币,年平均增长速度超过20%,成为世界上增长最快的市场。与此同时,各种体制的医药商业公司蓬勃发展起来;许多制药企业成立了自己的销售公司;外资药店攻城掠地;其他行业巨头大举入侵,使得OTC市场的流通渠道经历着前所未有的巨变。本文在分析OTC流通渠道模式的基础上,针对OTC厂商提出一些渠道建议。     

建设工程交易模式和交易机制设计框架

建设工程交易模式和交易机制确定了工程交易的规则以及项目参与者的工作范围、权利、责任和义务,从而直接影响到项目的成败。本文基于物理-事理-人理(WSR)方法论,建立工程交易模式和交易机制的设计框架。工程物理空间结构构成物理维;人作用于物的工程实施过程是,构成事理维,反应工程的时间结构;工程交易各方协作机制构成人理维,即为工程交易机制。工程的物理维和事理维确定的工程交易对象、工程交易模式的设计包括:业主方的管理方式的设计、工程发包方式的设计和合同类型的选择。工程交易机制的设计包括:招标机制设计、合同设计、担保机制和合同机制设计等。这个统一的框架为工程交易治理机制的设计提供了完整的解决方案。     

商务英语阅读新思维模式的建构

习得语言要对比目标语与本族语的语言表达差异,更要对比二者思维模式的差异。习得者在未精通一门外语之前,常常倾向于使用熟悉的本族语思维来套用目的语思维,形成思维定式。在商务英语阅读中,有必要解构习惯汉语思维的习得者在阅读中的内在思维模式,以建构适应型的阅读新思维模式。     

顾客参与新产品开发的绩效影响:产品创新类型的调节效应

顾客参与企业新产品开发对新产品开发绩效有着重要影响,在处于转型经济背景下的中国进行相关研究更有着极为重要的战略意义。文章以B-B市场中的制造企业为研究对象,构建了以产品创新类型为调节变量的顾客参与对新产品开发绩效差异化影响的调节效应模型。研究表明,顾客参与对新产品开发时间绩效与创新绩效的积极影响会受到产品创新类型的调节作用;但产品创新类型对顾客参与和财务绩效关系的调节影响不显著。     

Structural Change in Advanced Nations: A New Set of Stylised Facts*

We provide new evidence on patterns of structural change in advanced economies, reconsidering the stylised facts put forward by Kaldor (1963) , Kuznets (1971) , and Maddison (1980) . Since 1980, the services sector has overwhelmingly predominated in the economic activity of the European Union, Japan, and the US, but there is substantial heterogeneity among services. Personal, finance, and business services have low productivity growth and increasing shares in employment and GDP. By contrast, shares of distribution services are constant, and productivity growth is rapid. We find that the labour share in value‐added is declining, while the use of ICT capital and skilled labour is increasing in all sectors and regions.     

Impact of rainfall pattern on cereal market and food security in Sudan: Stochastic approach and CGE model

The paper aims at analysing the impact of the likely change in rainfall on food availability and access to food in Sudan. The empirical investigation is based on an integrated approach consisting of a stochastic method and CGE model. The former, related to the Monte Carlo analysis, provides the likely changes in rainfall patterns and their probability of occurrence based on historical data. These results are at the basis of the scenarios simulated in a standard CGE model augmented with a stochastic component. Achievements underline the negative impact on the two dimensions of food security taken into consideration, mainly due to a reduction in cereal supply, a marked cereal inflation pressure and income contraction; the greater negative effect on the poorest households; and a deterioration of the economic performance of the country. In this context, the paper stresses a strong interconnection among climate change and variability, poverty and food insecurity and thus the need for an integrated policy-making approach.