论我国乡村债务的成因与对策

本文从分析乡村债务的成因入手,分析了目前我国乡村债务的特点、负债增长速度、债权人结构以及用途等乡村债务变化趋势及原因。论述了乡村债务对农村改革和经济发展的影响。提出了解决乡村债务的对策。     

我国地方政府自主发债的制度设计

中国地方政府债务问题已经引起了决策层和国内外经济学家的高度重视,债务规模已经十分庞大。防范和化解地方政府债务风险,解决地方财政资金不足,规范地方政府举债行为,就要赋予地方政府自主发债权,并且明确地方政府自主发债的制度设计,制定一套包括发行主体、发行规模、发行利率、发行期限、发行方式等在内的规范、科学的制度。     

Changes of Thai economy since 19701 1

Within the last 30 years, the number of Thai population increased from 35 million to 62 million, the general price level went up 6 times, and Thai currency baht devaluated 2.2 times against the dollar. The industrial production increased 36 times nominally. The biggest industry of Thailand changed from agriculture to manufacture, and the total value of exports jumped by 192 times and that of imports grew by 95 times. Thai current account balance had recorded a deficit every year from 1970 to 1996. During the same period of time, however, the capital account balance had shown surplus. The inflow of foreign capital was the only stronghold of Thai economy at that time. In 1997, Thailand suddenly experienced a total change of its external environment From then on, Thai current account shifted from a deficit to a surplus and Thai capital account turned from a surplus to a deficit. The conclusion of this paper indicates that the future of Thai economy is heavily dependent on whether the amount of surplus in Thai current account could surpass the deficit in Thai capital account     

Institutional Quality and Public Debt Accumulation: An Empirical Analysis

The question of public debt management for both developed and developing economies has generated an enormous amount of political as well as academic interest. This study examines how governance affects public debt accumulation in the MENA countries during the 1996–2015 period. The six Worldwide Governance indicators (voice and accountability, political stability and the absence of violence/terrorism, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption) were used to measure the quality of governance in these countries. The results show that only three governance indicators support well the hypothesis that poor governance leads to higher accumulation of MENA public debt. Moreover, the estimates suggest a significant indirect impact of bad governance operating via decreased GDP growth. These findings have important implications for policy makers of these countries, which are currently facing major fiscal and external imbalances due to the high cost of war and terrorist attacks, low oil prices and a decline in trade. Sound public debt management represents an urgent task especially that public debt management problems often find their origins in the lack of attention paid by policymakers to the costs of bad governance and weak macroeconomic management.     

金融脆弱性研究及我国金融脆弱性的生成原因

金融脆弱性泛指一切融资领域中的风险积聚。当前,我国的金融改革明显提速,金融业所蕴藏的风险正逐步显化,成为巨大的风险源,可能危及整个金融安全与金融发展。单纯以完全市场体系的金融标准来解释我国金融体系的脆弱性是行不通的,只有从我国的实际情况出发,从金融控制、政府信用与信用环境的缺失、国有企业高负债的理性选择以及商业银行的高负债经营等角度才能更好地揭示我国金融脆弱性的主要成因。     

中国银企不良资产清算分析

从企业管理者、股东和债权人之间的利益分配关系看，目前我国还没有建立起一个以债权人为主导的企业筛选机制。建立和完善企业筛选制度，不仅是我国市场化进程中的一个重要环节．是实现资源市场化配置的必然渠道，而且是不良资产清算的制度保证：不良资产的多样化出售的目的主要是最大限度地以最高价格出售不良资产，为此需要在信用增级、公开操作原则、间接出售方式和完善的市场环境支持出售等各个环节上进行创新：“债转股”是常规不良资产清算手段难以奏效而破产清盘损失又太大时债务重组的最后一招．中国是典型的“政策型”债转股，并因此而生成了不少实施风险。中国的债转股要取得成功．一要建立健全资产管理公司的激励和约束机制，二要全力提高资产管理公司的能力．使其有动力也有能力高效率地完成任务。     

On the Asymmetric Recognition of Good and Bad News in France, Germany and the United Kingdom

We investigate whether accounting systems recognise bad news more promptly in earnings than good news, where news is proxied by changes in share price. The analysis is based on a sample of firm/years drawn from France, Germany, and the UK during 1990 to 1998. These three countries are the originators of three distinct legal traditions. Previous studies have argued that asymmetric recognition, one manifestation of conservative accounting, is sensitive to legal background and history. We find that in all three countries the contemporaneous association between earnings and returns is much stronger for bad news (i.e. when price changes are negative) than for good news, and although the results are strongest for the UK, and then France, the inter-country differences are not statistically significant. The stronger reaction to bad news is more pronounced for firms with relatively low capitalisation. We also find that the relative persistence of profits and losses are consistent with asymmetric recognition in France and the UK, but not in Germany, and that the more timely recognition of bad news is maintained even when we control for earnings persistence. When we extend the model to include price changes from previous periods, we see that the stronger reaction to bad news decays over time. The results from this model also suggest that 'pervasive' conservatism, unrelated to news, is observed in Germany and France, but the UK results are consistent with optimism. Although asymmetric recognition is generally strongest in the UK and weakest in Germany, and this broadly conforms to our expectations, the differences are less clear than the results from earlier periods.     

国有企业过度负债现状分析

国有企业债务负担沉重，资产负债率过高，正常生产经营难以为继，不仅直接危及国有企业本身的生存和发展，对国有经济的持续稳定也会产生不利影响，通过对国有企业进行债务重组，建立现代企业的治理结构，对国有经济进行战略性调整，根本解决国有企业的过度负债。     

企业负债融资的分析与策略

现代企业要快速发展,一靠技术革新,二靠大规模资金投入,而大规模资金的来源在哪里?其中,一个最主要的来源就是负债融资,这是市场经济条件下企业筹集大规模资金的必然选择。但是负债融资在给企业带来巨大利益的同时,也会带来一些潜在的风险,企业只有在适度控制负债的前提下,才能实现其价值最大化。