Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources: a case study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry. Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors. Therefore, the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism, summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development, deals with the problem of speciality, and raises the modes of regional development, product development and management. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the famous grassland tourism destination as example and carries out empirical research. Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, this study analyzes the character- istics of grassland tourism resources, the necessity and feasibility of integrated development, then proposes the following suggestions: idea for development, mode of development, regional cooperation, tourism products development, espe- cially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market, the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.     

湖南西部旅游资源一体化开发战略研究

湖南西部地区有着丰富而独特的旅游资源,但旅游开发很不平衡。站在湖南省经济发展战略全局的高度,应当将西部的旅游资源进行有效的整合,实施一体化开发战略,从而形成以张家界为核心的旅游产业大发展的新格局,把旅游产业真正发展成为西部地区的龙头产业,全面带动西部地区的经济发展。     

昆明市农牧特色产业可持续发展的对策研究

推进昆明市农牧特色产业发展，是昆明全面建设小康社会的主要内容。加快昆明现代化进程，农牧业特色产业的可持续发展是关键。实施可持续发展的特色农牧产业生态体系，将促进和实现昆明市特色农牧业技术创新，经济生态环境和社会效益的同步发展。     

组织激励资源运用的效率分析

本文从企业组织整体目标利益角度出发，将组织激励资源作为稀缺性资源，探讨了组织内部员工的激励问题，同时借助经济学关于资源有效配置的理论，以及组织行为学中的公平激励理论，对组织激励经济资源运用的有效性，以及相关的影响因素进行了探讨，并在此基础上提出了组织一定经济激励资源量获得最大组织激励动力的条件，以及组织获得最大经济激励资源运用绩效效率水平的条件或原则。     

Assessment of regional trade and virtual water flows in China

The success of China's economic development has left deep marks on resource availability and quality. Some regions in China are relatively poor with regards to water resources. This problem is exacerbated by economic growth. Flourishing trade activities on both domestic and international levels have resulted in significant amounts of water withdrawal and water pollution. Hence the goal of this paper is to evaluate the current inter-regional trade structure and its effects on water consumption and pollution via ‘virtual water flows’. Virtual water is the water embedded in products and used in the whole production chain, and that is traded between regions or exported to other countries. For this assessment of trade flows and effects on water resources, we have developed an extended regional input-output model for eight hydro-economic regions in China to account for virtual water flows between North and South China. The findings show that the current trade structure in China is not very favorable with regards to water resource allocation and efficiency. North China as a water scarce region virtually exports about 5% of its total available freshwater resources while accepting large amounts of wastewater for other regions' consumption. By contrast, South China a region with abundant water resources is virtually importing water from other regions while their imports are creating waste water polluting other regions' hydro-ecosystems.     

确立资源有偿使用的环境经济政策

资源有偿使用是运用经济手段保护环境的一个最重要方面，我国环境与发展十大对策中也进一步阐述了这个观点。本文在分析环境有偿使用机制成固的基础上，对现有的主要有偿使用形式、排污收费、环境税和环境补偿费等作实证分析，并提出今后强化环境资源有偿使用的若干政策措施。     

试论经济发展与耕地资源保护

工业化、城镇化是我国现代化的大趋势，在这个过程中势必要占用一部分耕地，如何协调双方均衡发展，是摆在我们面前的一大课题。国家明确了土地资源保护和管理“必须严而又严”的总要求，提出了在经济发展中“在保护中求发展，在发展中求保护”的总原则。为此，本文根据近7年来土地锐减的现状，分析了经济快速发展中的耕地基本现状，探讨了耕地保护的必要性和重要性，根据“最大限度地发挥资源的经济效益，社会效益和环境效益”的总方针，紧紧联系我国的实际情况，提出了经济发展中耕地保护的途径。     

自然资源价值的形成与评价方法浅议

对自然资源进行价值评价，并将其融入区域经济可持续发展决策，是在市场经济条件下，环境与自然资源保育的需要。文章首先就自然资源价值论的理论依据和估价方法进行了讨论，然后以池州国家生态经济示范区为例，计算自然资源交换价值、生态效益价值、自然资源资本价值，以验证评价体系。     

基于可持续发展的区域矿产资源配置问题研究

本文基于矿产资源的有限性和不可再生性,确立了资源优化配置的多目标准则;在全面分析影响区域矿产资源优化配置的社会经济发展需求因素,区域资源基础及潜力因素,资源开发利用的能力和水平因素,区域生态环境承载力因素,资源安全储备因素,区域外资源可供性因素,配套资源及基础设施支持因素的基础上,建立了区域矿产资源合理开发规模和速度的评价指标体系和分析计算模型;就河北省矿产资源的合理开发问题进行了具体的实证分析,研究了多目标准则下区域矿产资源开发和利用在时间维度上的优化配置问题,为合理规划和调整区域矿产资源开发利用战略提供了有益参考。     

中国经济体制改革时期制度变迁的特征分析

从实质上说，中国经济体制改革的过程就是一个制度的重建过程，即以适应市场经济的制度安排取代适应计划经济的制度安排取代适应计划经济的制度安排的过程。在这一制度重建的进程中，市场取向的制度变迁表现出八个方面的典型特征：一是制度变迁需求的内性性；二是制度变迁供给的滞后性；三是制度变迁目标的动态性；四是制度变迁过程的渐进性；五是制度变迁轨迹的路径依赖性；六是从单项制度变迁向制度结构变迁演进；七是强制性制度变迁与诱致性制度变迁相结合；八是宏观经济制度变迁与微观经济制度变迁同步进行。