人民币汇率影响贸易结构的实证分析

文章基于汇率影响贸易结构的理论分析,结合当前人民币汇率升值趋势的背景,对人民币汇率与对外商品贸易出口结构之间的关系进行实证研究,结果发现人民币汇率与商品贸易出口结构之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系;EG检验表明人民币汇率与商品贸易结构之间存在着单向因果关系,人民币汇率是因,商品贸易出口结构是果;同时VECM模型还显示人民币汇率升值1%,会导致商品贸易出口结构优化0.184787%,人民币汇率的升值会带来商品贸易出口结构的显著优化。     

The Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem and Food Demand Estimation

This article reports tests of aggregation over consumer food products and estimates of aggregate food demand elasticities. Evidence that food demand variables follow unit root processes leads us to build on and simplify existing tests of the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem. We compute food demand elasticities using a method of cointegration that is shown to apply to a convenient but nonlinear functional form. Estimates are based on consumer reported expenditure data rather than commercial disappearance data.     

Commodity Prices and Unit Root Tests

Price theory suggests that commodity prices should be stationary series. Yet, tests for unit roots rather frequently imply that these prices are not stationary. This seeming inconsistency is investigated by applying alternative specifications of unit root tests to prices of corn, soybeans, barrows and gilts, and milk. The preponderance of evidence suggests that nominal prices do not have unit roots, but the results are sensitive to the specification of the test equation. Accounting for a structural change that shifts the mean appears to be an important issue in unit root tests.     

Generic Advertising and Product Differentiation

This article considers whether generic advertising lowers the differentiation among competing brands of the same good. Analytical results show that if the benefits from generic advertising from increased demand are outweighed by the costs from lower product differentiation then high–quality producers will not benefit from generic promotion. Hypotheses are tested empirically under a conditional–logit approach using retail–market sales and advertising data for the U.S. prune industry. Results from this study provide evidence that generic advertising has a slight differential effect on the perceived qualities of different brands.     

The Coal Crisis in Appalachia: Agrarian Transformation,Commodity Frontiers and the Geographies of Capital

Capital's commodity frontiers strategy has at once woven together regional differences within an expanding world‐system and remade the productive and reproductive activities of humans and the rest of nature. The development of successive commodity frontiers gave way to long waves of economic expansion that have been pivotal to accelerating accumulation and transcending capital's recurrent crises. In short, commodity frontiers are constitutive of world‐ecological moments premised on booms and crises of accumulation. In this paper, I examine the coal commodity frontier in Appalachia, to illustrate the region's history as one of succeeding frontiers in and out of the region over the long twentieth century of American capitalism. I argue that the origin of Appalachia's coal frontier was decisively made through the nineteenth‐century agricultural revolution expressed outside of the region. Appalachia's full‐fledged development was an outcome of capital's under‐reproduction strategies. The crisis of the region's frontier turned on a lack of surplus from under‐reproduction strategies, competing coal basins, economic diversification and competing energy sources. I find that the commodity frontier concept not only illuminates regional political economies and ecologies of difference, but also explains the production of nature of historical capitalism.     

Futures Trading Activity and Commodity Cash Price Volatility

Abstract:   This paper examines the lead‐lag relationship between futures trading activity (volume and open interest) and cash price volatility for major agricultural commodities. Granger causality tests and generalized forecast error variance decompositions show that an unexpected increase in futures trading volume unidirectionally causes an increase in cash price volatility for most commodities. Likewise, there is a weak causal feedback between open interest and cash price volatility. These findings are generally consistent with the destabilizing effect of futures trading on agricultural commodity markets.     

析我国批发业在商品分销体系中的定位

在我国商品分销服务渐进开放过程中,必须以市场需求为导向弥补传统批发企业在功能上的缺位.在企业产品价值链体系上提供高效率的批发服务,在当代商品分销体系中予以批发业的合理定位,重新构筑我国批发体系,以保证整个分销渠道的畅通.     

上海市AMC和“债转股”调查报告

旅游经营者在为旅游商品的开发设计绞尽脑汁、冥思苦想 ,出路何在 ?我们认为在常州旅游商品的开发与设计中应融入常州传统文化和艺术内涵 ,把常州民族文化艺术与商品本身有机结合起来是常州旅游商品的出路。     

信托在林业投资中的应用——非公有制商品林投资运行机制创新研究

非公有制商品林投资目前可以利用的投融资方式非常有限。研究表明:没有有效的机制 安排,资金供给得不到保障;没有充足的资金供给,产业的发展无从谈起。针对于此,本文进 行了非公有制商品林投资运行机制的创新研究。     

Estimation of commodity-by-commodity input–output matrices

In this paper we derive a method for the estimation of symmetric input–output tables (SIOTs), which makes it possible to use the commodity technology assumption even when use- and make tables are rectangular. The method also solves the problem of negative coefficients. In the empirical part we derive annual SIOTs in order to evaluate the differences between SIOTs calculated with different methods and the change in technical coefficients over time. Our results, based on data for Sweden, show that the impact of using different technology assumptions is rather large. However, in a factor content of trade application the impact of different technology assumptions does not seem to be very important. Also the size of the changes in the technical coefficients over time is found to be quite large, indicating the importance of calculating SIOTs annually.