On the robustness of the competitive equilibrium: Utility-improvements and equilibrium points

We show that the set of competitive equilibrium points of a pure exchange economy are the equilibrium points of a broader class of better-response demands than the usual utility-maximizing demand functions. The better-response demands are derived from assigning weights to all commodity bundles with higher utility than the current commodity bundle, with the greatest weights being placed on the commodity bundles with the highest utility gain. The usual utility-maximizing demand functions are then those in which the weight on the utility-maximizing bundle is one. We also show that these better-response demands belong to a large class of response maps that are generated by monotonic transformations of the utility functions and/or monotonic transformations of the weights assigned to the commodity bundles.     

Imitators and optimizers in Cournot oligopoly

We analyze a symmetric n-firm Cournot oligopoly with a heterogeneous population of optimizers and imitators. Imitators mimic the output decision of the most successful firms of the previous round à la Vega-Redondo, F., [1997. The evolution of Walrasian behavior. Econometrica 65, 375–384]. Optimizers play a myopic best response to the opponents’ previous output. Firms make mistakes and deviate from their decision rules with a small probability. Applying stochastic stability analysis, we find that the long run distribution converges to a recurrent set of states in which imitators are better off than are optimizers.     

汽车整车技术标准的编制思路

汽车整车技术标准包含直接描述整车特征、安全环保性能和直接影响整车性能的主要零部件性能和特征等内容,应满足国家行业地方的标准法规要求。汽车整车技术标准是企业进行生产的主要依据,也是用户验收、使用、维护、贸易洽谈和质量仲裁等的技术依据,直接关系到汽车产品的质量。文章从汽车整车技术标准的编制要求和内容入手,通过实例,指出要点和相关点,寻求一种汽车整车技术标准编制新思路。     

Are individuals entering self‐employment overly optimistic? an empirical test of plans and projections on nascent entrepreneur expectations

This research examines the rationality of the expectations of nascent entrepreneurs. Consistent with conjectures regarding entry into self‐employment, I find substantial overoptimism in nascent entrepreneurs' expectations, in that they overestimate the probability that their nascent activity will result in an operating venture. Further, for those ventures that achieve operation, individuals overestimate the expected future sales and employment. To explain variations in overoptimism, I posit that those individuals who adopt an inside view to forecasting through the use of plans and financial projections, will exhibit greater ex ante bias in their expectations. Consistent with the inside view causing overoptimism in expectations, I find that the preparation of projected financial statements results in more overly optimistic venture sale forecasts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

会计准则的法律效力研究

会计准则是规范会计行为的标准,作为会计法制建设的重要组成部分,其与法律有着相互交错、不可分割的关系。文章以“会计准则的法律效力”为核心,深入系统地阐述了与会计准则法律效力相关的理论,并分析了会计界和法律界关于司法实践中会计准则法律效力实现的分歧与争议。最后联系实际对我国会计准则法律效力的现状进行思考,并对如何提升我国会计准则的法律效力提出可行的措施。     

理性视域中的和谐发展

在社会发展的不同时期,发展观也表现得迥然有别。大致说来,迄今为止,发展观依次经历了传统发展观—可持续发展观—和谐发展观几个阶段。与以往发展观相比较,和谐发展观对"何为发展"、"为何发展"、"怎样发展"的理解更加科学、合理。     

我国保险公司在全面风险管理时代下面临的机遇与挑战

对于以提供风险管理服务为主业的保险公司来说,如何迎接全面风险管理时代新的挑战,把握全面风险管理时代拓展业务的大好时机,是一个必须认真研究的课题。文章从保险公司的利益角度出发,探讨了我国保险公司在全面风险管理时代下面临的机遇和挑战,并对保险公司如何在全面风险管理市场上拓展业务方面提出了一些对策建议。     

我国构建沉默权制度的理性选择

沉默权是公民对于内心意思予以保留不被外界知晓的一项基本宪法权利和自由,是公民言论自由的不作为表现形式。此制度之构建,学界争议颇多,本文旨在充分考虑在我国的现实情况的基础上,认为我国应当实行一套有限的"沉默权制度",努力在被追诉人的人权保护和社会整体利益之间寻求合理的平衡点。     

预约转让定价的博弈分析

国际关联交易中,跨国公司常常根据各国税制差异利用转让定价套取税收利益,逃避税收。我国作为吸引外国直接投资最多的国家之一,也面临由此产生的税收大量流失的严重问题。本文通过构建预约定价中参与人之间的博弈模型,对其进行分析,提出相应措施,对进一步完善反避税制度具有重要意义。     

论经济学的边界

有经济学家认为经济学的基本逻辑可以解释人类所有的行为,他们运用经济行为模式对其他学科的传统“领地”簪越扩张,进行“经济学帝国主义”,试图用经济学的基本分析法方代替所有社会科学。但是随着经济学的扩张,经济学的解释力减弱,扩张的边际收益递减;同时,要求的理论创新加大,即边际成本递增。当两者相等时就达到了一种扩张的均衡,由此可以确立经济学的合理边界。