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51.
Eric F. Parkinson 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(3):219-243
Construction kits have played a significant part in nurturing the growth and development of the minds and manipulation-based
skills of children (and adults) in formal and non-formal education settings. These kits have origins rooted in the representation
of the built world and now have a diversity of form and function, including technical versions with moving parts. This article
examines some of the historically based ideas that lie behind the role that kits may have in terms of physical modelling.
The article traces the transformation of kits from simple bricks and blocks into more complicated pieces for space-filling
and achieving the transfer of forces and motion. This transformation occurred during the Victorian era when the influence
of the ideas of educationalists and, perhaps rather strangely, exponents of early aviation, played major roles in determining
the diversity of forms of construction kit and modelled possibilities that are now to be seen in classrooms and homes. The
article ends with a review of some of the lessons from the past and present that will need to be considered in relation to
concrete modelling in schools for the future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
52.
Calvyn Potgieter 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(3):205-218
In this article the impact of technology education, as a new learning area (subject) in the curriculum, on in-service teacher
education in South Africa is described in order to ascertain the extent of the impact. The research on which this article
is based draws on a variety of experiences and observations in the field at grassroots level (in particular an outreach project
in rural communities). The envisaged impact of technology education on South African schools, communities, teacher educators
and teachers, the range of in-service teacher education that is required, and the impacts in urban and rural areas are discussed.
Finally a number of concluding remarks are made about the extent of the impact of the inclusion of technology education in
the new National Curriculum Statement and whether the situation has changed since the implementation of a pilot technology
education project in 1998.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
53.
立足政府需要,从侧面对当前政府职能转变过程进行分析和探讨,希望以政府本身作为理性实体的运作为基础,对该问题进行解释。 相似文献
54.
This paper compares the approximation capabilities of the minflex-Laurents translog and minflex generalized Leontief cost functions with their translog and generalized Leontief counterparts in Monte Carlo experiments. The minflex Laurent specifications generally provided closer approximations to underlying technical and economic parameters. Imposition of nonlinear restrictions on some of the parameters of the minflex Laurent models yielded measurable improvement in estimated elasticities of substitutions, returns to scale, and rates of technical change.The refereeing process of this paper was handled through E. Appelbaum. 相似文献
55.
We give an example of a subspace K of such that , where denotes the closure with respect to convergence in probablity. On the other hand, the cone C ≔ K − L ∞ + is dense in L ∞ with respect to the weak-star topology σ( L ∞ , L 1 ) . This example answers a question raised by I. Evstigneev. The topic is motivated by the relation of the notion of no arbitrage and the existence of martingale measures in Mathematical Finance. 相似文献
56.
刘凡 《西安财经学院学报》2004,17(2):71-74
董事会中心主义的确立,董事义务与责任体系的完备,使得对董事利益的保护成为公司经营管理效率提高的必要前提。如何建立符合中国实际的董事利益保护机制是摆在法学研究者面前一个紧迫而重要的课题。 相似文献
57.
我国建筑业目前正处于加入WTO后的3~5年的过渡期,国内建筑市场国际化的趋势使工程索赔问题必须与国际惯例接轨,从国际工程惯例出发,详细论述了银行保函的种类及其在业主反索赔过程中的重要作用,为业主提供了一种可以借鉴的工程项目管理方式。 相似文献
58.
Lead markets, innovation differentials and growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marian Beise 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2005,1(4):305-328
This article suggests that the specialization of countries in international trade is determined by the lead-lag market pattern of national markets. Many internationally successful innovations have been adopted first in one country while other countries initially either preferred other designs or an established product. A model for the international diffusion of innovations is presented in which nationally preferred innovation designs compete to become a globally dominant design. In this model, there are country-specific market attributes that increase the likelihood that the choice a country makes among alternative technologies is followed around the world. It is argued that technological knowledge gaps are not the origin of an international competitive advantage. Instead, a country gains a competitive advantage because a specific innovation design was adopted earlier than in any other country. This gives local firms a head start in producing, gathering marketing intelligence and securing the property rights of a globally successful innovation. In countries with lag market characteristics, domestic innovations are less likely to get adopted worldwide. Lag markets often switch from a domestic innovation design to a foreign innovation design, which increases imports. The lead-lag market explanation of trade specialization has implications for national policies. In this model domestic innovations do not always foster exports; idiosyncratic innovations induced by lag market contexts can hamper the export chances of local firms and in the end lead to an increase in imports. It is suggested that in order to increase exports, national policies have to distinguish between a domestic lead and lag market context in each industry. While in a lead market context, traditional policy instruments that enhance the rate of innovations are effective, in a lag market situation national follower strategies are more appropriate. 相似文献
59.
重庆市城市土地经济效益评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
从产出和投入两方面构建城市土地经济效益评价的指标体系,采用层次分析法对重庆城市土地的经济效益进行评价,可知:重庆城市土地的经济效益总体水平较低、波动较大,重庆城市近年来投入偏高影响了土地经济效益,而且重庆城市土地利用的集约化水平不高. 相似文献
60.