全球大宗商品定价机制与国际经贸格局演变动态关系的研究评述

大宗商品及其价格波动的研究始终是国际经济学领域中备受关注的话题。近年来,全球大宗商品价格经历了错综复杂的变化,各方围绕大宗商品尤其是能源的定价权展开了激烈的斗争,并进一步引发了全球经济贸易格局的深刻调整。"中国因素"如何影响国际大宗商品价格机制以及如何提高中国的国际大宗商品定价权已成为具有深远意义且艰巨的课题。本文通过对国内外相关文献的综述,介绍了大宗商品价格波动的成因及对经济的影响、大宗商品定价机制的变迁及定价话语权的提高方式、大宗商品与经济安全的关系等,指出了现有研究存在的不足之处,揭示了全球大宗商品定价机制与国际经贸格局动态演变关系研究中可进一步探讨和突破的空间。     

采用局部二值模式与深度信念网络的人脸识别

针对人脸维度过高和人脸局部特征提取易忽略的问题,提出了一种将多尺度局部二值模式（LBP）算法与深度信念网络(DBN)算法相结合的人脸识别方法。首先采用多尺度LBP算法提取人脸纹理特征,进而将LBP提取的纹理特征作为深度信念网络的输入,最后通过逐层网络训练,得到网络的最优参数,并在ORL人脸库中进行测试,识别率可达95.2%,比使用Gabor小波和主成分分析（PCA）算法的人脸识别高2.6%,说明该算法具有很好的人脸识别能力。     

频控阵特征及应用前景综述

频控阵是近年来提出的一种新体制阵列技术。与传统相控阵不同的是,频控阵通过在不同通道附加很小的频偏,使其波束图在远场成为随位置、角度和时间变化的函数。频控阵这种新波束的特征产生许多新的功能,具有很多独特的应用优势和广阔的发展应用前景。首先介绍了频控阵发展历程和基本原理,然后分析了频控阵技术实现难点,最后指出了频控阵可能的应用和发展方向。     

Media effects on sustainable food consumption. How newspaper coverage relates to supermarket expenditures

Information provision is often considered to have an important role to play in changing consumers' choices. However, there is still no consensus on the mechanisms by which information might influence specific consumer expenditures, especially in relation to environmentally friendly food products. This paper explores whether the public debate on sustainable consumption in UK broadsheets and tabloids relates to observed consumers' expenditures. It does so by relating the number of published articles on selected sustainability topics to consumers' food expenditure in a leading UK supermarket from May 2009 to May 2011, using regression analysis. We selected only regular supermarket's shoppers who frequently buy the Sunday editions of the analyzed newspapers. Results indicate very sparse and inconsistent correlations suggesting that the impact of information is only minimally effective. The number of newspaper articles relates mainly to expenditures on organic, wholegrain and low salt products, possibly indicating a preference for healthy food. No consistent effects are observed when media target a change in more general food categories (e.g. a reduction in food of animal origin), although we observed some influence on purchases of fish. Finally, results indicate some correlations with purchases of meat for the readers of the Telegraph. In order to contextualize some of the results, we applied content analysis to a subsample of published articles on organic food. The qualitative approach shows that the framing of the news is important: change is positively related to information proposed uncritically; and negatively to information contextualized as a highly structured debate.     

退休冲击、消费动态支出变动及消费结构优化*——基于企业、机关事业单位退休人员消费影响因素的比较

中国经济已进入新常态,然而老龄化趋势日益严重,靠出口和投资拉动的滞后经济增长模式,使得中国转型阶段面临两大核心挑战--退休冲击和国内消费不足。如何应对退休危机,提升居民消费,是亟待解决的问题。本文从中国“养老金双轨制”这一热点问题切入,选取了中国1998-2014年30个地区宏观面板数据分静态和动态两大部分对理论进行实证检验,重点分析企业和事业单位退休冲击对城镇居民消费的影响。在居民总消费支出水平方面,企业单位退休冲击对其具有显著抑制作用,机关事业单位退休冲击对其具有显著正向效应。居民消费结构方面,情况较为复杂。产生这些异质效应的主要原因在于退休双轨制造成的不平等差异和两类退休人群自身主观区别等。鉴于此,本文提出了释放并轨改革的消费效应,完善养老、医疗等社会保障体系,稳定居民消费预期,调整市场结构,推动老龄产业和银发市场的发展等政策建议。       

The relationship between ownership and possession: observations from the context of digital virtual goods

This theoretical article highlights limitations in the current trend towards dichotomising full ownership and access-based consumption by recognising a broader, more complex array of ‘fragmented’ ownership configurations in the context of digital virtual goods (DVGs). In challenging this dichotomy, we recognise that the relationship between ownership and possession becomes particularly significant. We therefore consider how prominent DVG ownership configurations may shape the way in which possession is assembled, potentially reducing consumers’ scope of action relative to DVGs and leaving possession susceptible to disruption. Conversely, we acknowledge ways in which consumers’ continued attempts at possession may impinge upon the agency of ownership mechanisms within the market. Our analysis ultimately builds upon existing understandings of both ownership and possession, theorising their often overlooked relation in consumption.     

Becoming respectable: low-income young mothers,consumption and the pursuit of value

Teenage mothers find themselves caught between two discourses: the irresponsibility of youth and the responsibility of motherhood. We unravel some of the complexities surrounding the performance of socially approved ‘good mothering’, from a social position of restricted resources. We demonstrate the relevance of Skeggs’ notion of respectability in order to forge a deeper understanding of how young, low-income new mothers seek to secure social value and legitimacy via the marketplace. We identify a number of consumption strategies centred around identification and dis-identification, yet we recognise that young mothers’ careful marshalling of resources, in relation to consumption, risks being misread and could leave young women open to further scrutiny and negative evaluation, ultimately limiting their opportunity to secure a legitimate maternal identity.     

外生驱动互联网消费增长的微观空间计量研究

文章从外生驱动视角探讨中国互联网消费的全域增长问题,试图通过理论探讨与实证分析挖掘微观社会互动促进互联网外生消费的机理与手段。文章利用数字内容产品在线消费的省域数据,使用空间面板固定效应模型识别互联网环境中促进外生消费增长的外溢与滞后因素,分析了中国文化与地理空间的社会互动对互联网外生消费增长的影响,为中国互联网消费的全域内生增长探索新的规律与方式。研究发现互联网消费空间中存在着地理临近性与文化相似性。这不仅是一次理论研究,其规律将帮助政府与企业理性认识互联网消费的空间传染方式,指导制定最佳的网络经济发展战略。     

财税政策、城乡收入差距与中国居民消费的非线性效应研究

为了验证财税政策对居民消费存在的非线性效应, 文章系统考察了因城乡收入差距的第三方外部因素存在差异时, 财税政策对居民消费影响效应的变化情况. 面板门槛计量模型研究发现, 以城乡收入差距门槛值作为外生变量构建的分段函数中, 税收负担和财政支出规模促进居民消费的城乡收入差距绝对数最优区间分别为4015元-7016元和7912元-10323元; 税制结构和财政支出结构促进的城乡收入差距相对数最优区间分别为0.126-0.171和0.127-0.172. 因此, 应当辩证看待政府财税政策对居民消费的影响作用, 促进我国居民消费的关键点在于财税政策的合理制定与实施.     

基于顾客让渡价值的异地品牌消费经济价值分析

在品牌消费市场存在着本地和异地二元市场的情况下,企业因发展需要会不断寻求顾客让渡价值与企业让渡价值的均衡值。企业的发展行为会改变产业的市场格局和竞争状态,进而影响市场价格的波动。当激烈的市场竞争造成企业让渡价值小于零的情况时,通过分析和认识品牌消费价值的组成,企业可以通过品牌价值交换平台来分别评估和出让各自的异地市场,以本地消费市场的扩大来变相实现异地品牌消费市场的价值,从而实现顾客让渡价值与企业让渡价值的再均衡。