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71.
Parimutuel principles are widely used as an alternative to fixed odds gambling in which a bookmaker acts as a dealer by quoting fixed rates of return on specified wagers. A parimutuel game is conducted as a call auction in which odds are allowed to fluctuate during the betting period until the betting period is closed or the auction ‘called’. The prices or odds of wagers are set based upon the relative amounts wagered on each risky outcome. In financial microstructure terms, trading under parimutuel principles is characterised by (1) call auction, non‐continuous trading; (2) riskless funding of claim payouts using the amounts paid for all of the claims during the auction; (3) special equilibrium pricing conditions requiring the relative prices of contingent claims equal the relative aggregate amounts wagered on such claims; (4) endogenous determination of unique state prices; and (5) higher efficiency. Recently, a number of large investment banks have adopted a parimutuel mechanism for offering contingent claims on various economic indices, such as the US Nonfarm payroll report and Eurozone Harmonised inflation. Our paper shows how the market microstructure incorporating parimutuel principles for contingent claims which allows for notional transactions, limit orders, and bundling of claims across states is constructed. We prove the existence of a unique price equilibrium for such a market and suggest an algorithm for computing the equilibrium. We also suggest that for a broad class of contingent claims, that the parimutuel microstructure recently deployed offers many advantages over the dominant dealer and exchange continuous time mechanisms. 相似文献
72.
This paper demonstrates a time-series production technique to quantify the deer harvest and deer hunting benefits of controlled burns or prescribed fire. The time series regression model showed a statistically significant and positive effect of prescribed fire on deer harvest. The net economic value of the resulting additional deer hunting benefit was estimated using the Contingent Valuation Method at $ 98 per additional deer harvested. The initial deer hunting benefits of an additional 1,000 acres of prescribed burning are between $ 2,674 and $ 3,128 or $ 2-3 per acre. The costs of prescribed burning greatly exceed these benefits, suggesting that deer hunting benefits represent only a small part of the multiple use benefits of prescribed fire. 相似文献
73.
Jaime?R.?Alvayay Charles?Harter WM.?Steven?SmithEmail author 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2005,25(4):383-411
A participating mortgage is a loan in which a lender accepts a below-market coupon rate in return for a share (participation)
in the cash flows generated by income-producing real property. The cash flows provided by participation are classified as
contingent interest and are intended to compensate the lender for additional risk exposure as well as the reduction in coupon
rate. In this paper, we present a partial equilibrium wealth-maximizing model to estimate the extent of lender participation
and an analysis of the factors affecting it. The results of formal comparative statics analysis show that the lender's percentage
participation is, in general, positively related to changes in the loan-to-value ratio and threshold cash flows above which
participation is payable. Among yet other results, a change in the contracted loan life has an ambiguous effect on the lender's
percentage participation. Then, in an effort to resolve ambiguities in the comparative statics results, we employ a numerical
procedure in conducting sensitivity analyses. This allows us to estimate percentage participation levels, and their elasticities,
under various assumptions regarding the underlying factors.
JEL Classification: G21, C65 相似文献
74.
国内外实践已经揭示了政府或有债务正日益成为影响一国财政可持续性的重要因素。由于国外发达市场经济国家特别是OECD成员国在或有债务管理制度和技术方面的先进性,其处理债务和应对风险的能力也比较强。总结其做法,主要经验如下:一是加强立法机关对政府或有债务的制约;二是加大外部审计机构对其的控制;三是对政府的或有补助成本进行预算;四是设立或有债务基金;五是强化对或有债务相关信息的披露等。 相似文献
75.
Reza MaihamiIsa Nakhai Kamalabadi 《International Journal of Production Economics》2012,136(1):116-122
In this paper, a joint pricing and inventory control for non-instantaneous deteriorating items is developed. We adopt a price and time dependent demand function. Shortages is allowed and partially backlogged. The major objective is to determine the optimal selling price, the optimal replenishment schedule and the optimal order quantity simultaneously such that, the total profit is maximized. We first show that for any given selling price, optimal replenishment schedule exists and unique. Then, we show that the total profit is a concave function of price. Next, we present a simple algorithm to find the optimal solution. Finally, we solve a numerical example to illustrate the solution procedure and the algorithm. 相似文献
76.
We study how the impact of capabilities for performance is contingent upon the environment. Using a novel dataset of information security start‐ups, we study how markets for technology change the relative impact of technology and marketing capabilities on performance. Since internal technical effort enables firms to generate technology inputs instead of acquiring them from the market (substitute), a greater supply of technology diminishes the importance of technical ability as a source of competitive advantage. Moreover, since marketing capability complements technology inputs, a greater supply of technology enhances the impact of marketing capability on performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
77.
刘洪海 《商业经济(哈尔滨)》2014,(14):98-100
或有事项与资产负债表日后事项在证实时间、最终确定的金额、账务处理调整处理以及在企业会计报表中的披露要求等方面存在不同。调整事项在资产负债表日后得到证实之前,是或有事项;或有事项在资产负债表日后至财务报告报出以前得到证实,就是资产负债表日后事项。或有事项对企业经营管理及会计处理都有影响:或有事项直接影响企业的持续经营和发展、掩盖企业真实的财务状况、左右企业经营成果的确认、操纵企业未来现金流量的计量。 相似文献
78.
79.
地表水环境生态服务具有公共物品特性,消费者需求信息难以获得,影响资源的有效配置和环境公共政策的科学性.应用意愿价值评估法调查496户居民上海城市景观河流水质改善的支付意愿,通过计量分析揭示影响需求的主要因素,并重点计算收入水平及差距、户籍、收入与户籍交互作用因素的边际影响.结果既符合消费理论的一般预期,也充分反映了我国转型经济阶段的社会特殊性. 相似文献
80.
关联交易、线下项目与盈余管理——来自中国上市公司的经验证据 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
近年来,关联交易盈余管理愈演愈烈,极大地损害了投资者的利益。以往大量研究提供了上市公司操纵应计项目及线下项目进行盈余管理的证据,本文则以中国上市公司2002--2004年的面板数据为研究样本,首次大样本检验关联交易、线下项目与盈余管理的关系。本文的主要结论包括:(1)有配股盈余管理动机的公司的第一类关联交易(通常计入线上项目的关联交易)比例显著高于控制样本,第三类关联交易(担保抵押类关联交易)比例显著低于控制样本。(2)有避亏盈余管理动机的公司的第二类关联交易(通常计入线下项目的关联交易)比例显著高于控制样本。(3)有盈余管理动机的公司,当其附属企业集团时,或者其控股股东处于绝对控股地位时,其关联交易比例更高。(4)第一类关联交易与线下项目显著负相关,有盈余管理动机的公司,线下项目较低时第一类关联交易比例较高。(5)配股公司配股后的关联销售和关联采购比例显著低于配股前。扭亏为盈的公司扭亏当年的第二类关联交易比例显著高于扭亏前一年。综上所述,计入线上项目的关联交易是上市公司为获取配股资格而进盈余管理的重要手段,计入线下项目的关联交易是上市公司为避免亏损而进行盈余管理的重要手段;上市公司控股股东处于绝对控股地位时,或控股股东隶属某一企业集团时,关联交易盈余管理行为更严重;进行盈余管理时,线下项目与计入线上项目的关联交易具有替代性。 相似文献